Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
The process by which the body absorbs nutrients into the circulatory system.
absorption
Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
bland diet
Diets that include both low-calorie and high-calorie options depending on the patient's weight needs
calorie-controlled diets
A carbohydrate-controlled diet used for patients with diabetes mellitus
diabetic diet
Diets classified as high-fiber or low-fiber to stimulate or reduce activity in the digestive tract
fiber diets
A psychological disorder where a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat
anorexia nervosa
A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat.
body mass index (BMI)
The major source of readily usable human energy
carbohydrates
The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts and changes it chemically
digestion
High blood pressure
hypertension
Organic molecules that protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
antioxidants
A psychological disorder where a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives
bulimarexia
The fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate.
cellulose
Chemical elements found in food used by the body to perform many different body functions
essential nutrients
protein that is used to generate energy for the human body
lipids
A condition where arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances.
atherosclerosis
A psychological disorder where a person alternately binges and then fasts.
bulimia
A sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products; used in the production of steroid hormones and vitamin D.
cholesterol
Also called low-fat diets; they usually limit fats to less than 50 grams daily.
fat-restricted diets
Include both clear liquids and full liquids; used for short periods of time
liquid diets
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue.
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
A unit used to measure the amount of heat produced during metabolism; the energy content of food
calorie
A metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin
diabetes mellitus
Organic compounds that provide the most concentrated form of energy
fats (lipids)
Restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily.
low-cholesterol diet