Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
What is absorption?
Absorption is the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients.
What is bland diet?
A bland diet consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract. Foods to be avoided include coarse foods, fried foods, highly seasoned foods, pastries, candies, raw fruits and vegetables, alcoholic and carbonated beverages, smoked and salted meats or fish, nuts, olives, avocados, coconut, whole-grain breads and cereals, and usually coffee and tea.
What is calorie-controlled diets?
Calorie-controlled diets include both low-calorie and high-calorie diets. Low-calorie diets are frequently used for patients who are overweight. High-calorie foods are either prohibited or very limited. Examples of such foods are butter, cream, whole milk, cream soups or gravies, sweet soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, salad dressings, fatty meats, candy, and rich desserts.
What is diabetic diet?
A diabetic diet is used for patients with diabetes mellitus. In this condition, the body does not produce enough of the hormone insulin to metabolize carbohydrates. Patients frequently take insulin by injection.
What is Fiber diets?
Fiber diets are usually classified as high fiber or low fiber. A high-fiber diet usually provides at least 30 grams (g) of fiber without seeds or nuts. It is used to stimulate activity in the digestive tract.
What is Anorexia nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa: commonly called anorexia; a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
What is body mass index?
Body mass index (BMI) is a calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat. It is determined by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.
What is Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the major source of readily usable human energy. They are commonly called starches or sugars. Carbohydrates are a cheaper source of energy than proteins and fats because they are mainly produced by plants.
What is Digestion?
Digestion is the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system.
What is Hypertension?
Hypertension: high blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet; can lead to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys
What is Antioxidants?
Antioxidants, found mainly in fruits and vegetables, deactivate the free radicals and prevent them from damaging body cells.
What is Bulimarexia?
Bulimarexia: a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
What is Cellulose?
Cellulose is the fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate. It is important because it provides bulk in the digestive tract and causes regular bowel movements. The best sources of cellulose are bran, whole-grain cereals, and fibrous fruits and vegetables.
What is essential nutrients?
Essential nutrients are composed of chemical elements found in food. They are used by the body to perform many different body functions.
What is Nutrition?
the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth and growth and nurishment
What is Atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis: condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
What is Bulimia?
Bulimia: a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges (eats excessively) and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all; in some cases, a person will exercise excessively after binging
What is Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products. It is used in the production of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids.
What is fat-restricted diets?
Fat-restricted diets may be used for obese patients or patients who have gallbladder and liver disease or atherosclerosis.
What is nutritional status?
Nutritional status refers to the state or condition of one's nutrition.
What is basal metabolic rate?
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work, is called the basal metabolic rate, or BMR.
What is Calorie?
a unit of energy, often used to express the nutritional value of foods
What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus: metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood; heredity, obesity, lack of exercise, and diets high in carbohydrates and sugars contribute to individuals developing this disease
What is Fats?
Fats provide the most concentrated form of energy but are a higher calorie option source of energy than carbohydrates. Fats also maintain body temperature by providing insulation, cushion organs and bones, aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and provide flavor to meals.
What is Obesity?
a chronic, complex disease defined by an excessive accumulation of body fat that poses significant risks to health.