Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
all body processes relating to food
nutrition
condition in which bones become porous and break easily
commonly called fats and oils, organic compounds that provide the most concentrated form of energy but are a higher calorie option source of energy
lipids
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
antioxidants
process by which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue, providing energy, and regulating various body functions
metabolism
state or condition of one’s nutrition
nutritional status
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood
diabetes mellitus
also called lipids, organic compounds that provide the most concentrated form of energy but are a higher calorie option source of energy
fats
inorganic compounds found in all body tissues
rate at which body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue without doing any voluntary work
basal metabolic rate/BMR
state of good health with optimal body function
wellness
state of poor nutrition, may be caused by poor diet or illness
sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products, used in the production of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids
cholesterol
process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system
digestion
calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat
Body mass index/BMI
high blood pressure
composed of chemical elements found in food
essential nutrients
basic components of all body cells
proteins
a rhythmic, wavelike motion of the muscles, used to move food down the digestive tract
peristalsis
body weight that is 10 to 15 percent less than the average recommended weight for a person’s height, or a BMI less than 18.5
underweight
conditioned in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
atherosclerosis
major source of readily available human energy
carbohydrates
organic compounds that are essential to life
vitamins
process by which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
absorption
a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
anorexia nerviosa