Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption:
Process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients.
Bland diet:
Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract.
Calorie-controlled diets:
Include both low-calorie diets (for overweight patients) and high-calorie diets (for underweight or cancer patients).
Diabetic diet:
Used for patients with diabetes mellitus; also called a carbohydrate-controlled diet.
Fiber diets:
Usually classified as high fiber (to stimulate digestive activity) or low fiber/low residue (for digestive diseases).
Anorexia nervosa:
Psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all.
Body mass index (BMI):
A calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat.
Carbohydrates: .
Carbohydrates: Major source of readily usable human energy, commonly called starches or sugars.
Digestion:
Process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system.
Hypertension:
Hypertension: High blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet.
Antioxidants:
Antioxidants: Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
Bulimarexia:
Psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food.
Cellulose:
Fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract.
Essential nutrients:
Chemical elements found in food used by the body to perform many different body functions.
Lipids:
Commonly called fats and oils; organic compounds that provide a concentrated form of energy, maintain body temperature, cushion organs, and aid in vitamin absorption.
Atherosclerosis:
Condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces.
Bulimia:
Psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges (eats excessively) and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all.
Cholesterol:
A sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products used in the production of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids.
Fat restricted diets:
Fat restricted diets: Also called low-fat diets; usually limit fats to less than 50 grams daily.
Diets including both clear and full liquids where all foods served must be liquid at body temperature.
Liquid diets
Basal metabolic rate (BMR):
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work.
Calorie:
Unit used to measure the amount of heat produced during metabolism; it measures the energy content of food.
Diabetes mellitus:
Metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Fats:
A common term for lipids; they provide the most concentrated form of energy and help maintain body temperature.
Low-cholesterol diet:
Restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily.