Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
Absorption:
The process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients to be carried by the circulatory system to every cell in the body.
Anorexia nervosa:
related to psychological/eating disorders
Antioxidants:
Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals; main examples are vitamins A, C, and E.
Atherosclerosis:
A condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces; thought to be caused by a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol.
Basal metabolic rate:
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work.
Bland diet:
Therapeutic diet
Body mass index:
A measurement used to determine an individual's weight status; calculated using height and weight.
Bulimarexia / Bulimia:
Eating disorders
Calorie:
"higher calorie" source than carbohydrates
Calorie-controlled diets:
Therapeutic diet
Carbohydrates:
The major source of readily usable human energy, commonly called starches or sugars; they provide heat, energy, and fiber.
Cellulose:
The fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract for regular bowel movements.
Cholesterol:
A sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products; used in the production of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids.
Diabetes mellitus:
A metabolic disease caused by insufficient secretion or use of insulin, leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Diabetic diet:
Therapeutic diet
Digestion:
The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves it through the digestive system
Essential nutrients:
Chemical elements found in food used by the body to perform many different body functions. The six groups are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Fats (Lipids):
Organic compounds that provide the most concentrated form of energy, maintain body temperature, cushion organs, and aid in vitamin absorption.
Hypertension:
High blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet.
Malnutrition:
The state of poor nutrition caused by poor diet or illness; obesity is a form of malnutrition caused by excess food consumption.
Metabolism:
The process in which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue, providing energy, and regulating various body functions.
Minerals:
Inorganic elements found in all body tissues that regulate body fluids, contribute to growth, and aid in building tissues.
Nutritional status:
Refers to the state or condition of one's nutrition.
Obesity:
A form of malnutrition caused by excess food consumption.
Proteins:
The basic components of all body cells; essential for building and repairing tissue, regulating body functions, and producing antibodies.