Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
absorption
a body practice related to food
anorexia nervosa
psychological disorder in which a person drastically refuses food intake or refuses to eat at all
antioxidants
organic molecules that can help protect the body from natural substances
atherosclerosis
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on inner surfaces
the rate at which the body uses energy for maintaining its own tissue without doing any voluntary work
bland diet
easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
body mass index (BMI)
a calculation that measures weight in relation to height
bulimarexia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or even uses laxatives to get rid of eaten food
bulimia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges (eats excessively) and then fasts or refuses to eat at all
calorie
the amount of heat produced during metabolism
calorie-controlled diets
includes both low and high calorie diets, low calorie for overweight patients, high calorie used for underweight patients
carbohydrates
major source of readily usable human energy
cellulose
fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrates
cholesterol
sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to increased level of glucose in the blood
diabetic diet
used for patients with diabetes mellitus
digestion
a body process relating to food
essential nutrients
are composed of chemical elements found in food
fat-restricted diets
also called low-fat diets, usually limits fats to less than 50g daily
fats
organic compounds
fiber diets
usually classified as high fiber or low fiber diets
hypertension
high blood pressure
lipds
organic compounds
liquid diets
include both clear and full liquids
low-cholesterol diets
foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50g daily