Ch. 11 Key terms
the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients.
Absorption
easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
Bland diet
the major source of readily usable human energy; cheaper source of energy
Carbohydrates
the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically and moves food through the digestive system.
Digestion
high blood pressure
Hypertension
a physical disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Anorexia nervosa
a calculation that measures weight in relation to height
Body mass index
the fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate
Cellulose
composed of chemical elements found in food and used by the body to perform many different body functions
Essential nutrients
also called fats and oils; organic compounds
Lipid
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
Antioxidants
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all.
Bulimia
sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products; used in production of steroid hormones
Cholesterol
limit fats to less than 50 grams
Fat-restricted diets
both clear liquids and full liquids (nutritionally inadequate only use for a short period of time)
Liquid diets
arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their surface
Atherosclerosis
unit used to measure the amount of energy coming from the food
Calorie
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood
Diabetes mellitus
organic compounds
Fats
restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams.
low cholesterol diet
the rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work
Basal metabolic rate
low-calorie and high-calorie diets; low for overweight, high for underweight
Calorie-controlled diets
used for patients with diabetes; possibly taking insulin
Diabetic diet
high or low; at least 30 grams every day without seeds or nuts OR less than 10-15 grams per day
Fiber diets
the state of poor nutrition
Malnutrition