Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets
heat controlled by a unit
Calorie
- a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
Cholesterol
both low calorie and high calorie diets
Calorie controlled diets
the major source of readily usable human energy
Carbohydrates
- the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts
Digestion
- composed of chemical elements
Essential nutrients
- limits fats to less than 50 grams a day
Fat-restricted diets
calculation that measures weight in relation to height
Body mass index (BMI)
- a metabolic disease caused by insufficient use of insulin
Diabetes mellitus
- fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate
Cellulose
- used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Diabetic diet
a psychological disorder in which a person alternativly binge and then fasts
Bulimia
- organic compounds
Fats
a psychological disorder in which a person alternatively binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxitives
Bulimarexia
- includes high fiber or low fiber diets
Fiber diets
- High blood pressure
Hypertension
a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Anorexia nervosa
the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue without doing any voluntary work.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract.
Bland diet
- include both clear liquids and full liquids
Liquid diets
a process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Absorption
- process in which nutrients are used by the cells
Metabolism
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals
Antioxidants
- inorganic elements found in all body tissues
Minerals
a condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
Atherosclerosis