Fundamentals of Nutrition
Nutrition
includes all body processes relating to food
Essential nutrients
- composed or chemical elemets found in food
Absorption
- the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
Therapeutic diets
- modifications of the normal diet and are used to improve specific health conditions
Body mass index
- a calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat
Nutritional status
refers to the states or condition of one’s nutrition
Carbohydrates
- the major source of readily usable human energy
Digestion
- the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts
Regular diet
- a balanced diet usually used for the patient with no dietary restrictions
Anorexia nervosa
- commonly called anorexia; a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Atherosclerosis
- condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces
Lipids
- commonly called fats and oils, are organic compounds
Peristalsis
- a rhythmic, wavelike motion of the muscles
Protein diets
- include both low-protein and high-protein diets
Bulimia
- a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts or refuses to eat at all
Diabetes mellitus
- metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose in the blood
Proteins
- the basic components of all body cells
Metabolism
- the process in which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue, providing energy, and regulating various body functions
Liquid diets
- include both clear and full liquids
Bulimarexia
- a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
Osteoporosis
condition in which bones become porous (full of tiny openings) and break easily
Cholesterol
- is a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
Basal metabolic rate
- rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissus, without doing any voluntary work
low- cholesterol diet
restricts food that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily
Obesity
- is excessive body weight 20 percent or more above the average recommended weight, or a BMI equal to or greater than 30