key term
absorption
the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients
bland diet
consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive system
Calorie-controlled diets
include both low-calorie and high-calorie diets
Diabetic diet
used for patients with diabetes mellitus
Fiber diets
classified as high-fiber or low fiber
anorexia nervosa
a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
Body mass index
calculation that measures weight in relation to height
Carbohydrates
the major source of readily usable human energy
Digestion
the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system
Hypertension
high blood pressure
antioxidants
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
vomiting
or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
Cellulose
the fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrates
Essential nutrients
composed of chemical elements found in food
Lipids
organic- compounds also commonly called fats and oils
Atherosclerosis
a condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
Bulimia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and than fasts, or refuses to eat at all
Cholesterol
a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
Fat-restricted diets
limit fats to less than 50 grams daily
Liquid diets
include both clear liquids and full liquids
Basal metabolic rate
the rate at which the body uses energy just to maintain its tissue without doing any voluntary work
Calorie
heat measured by a unit
Diabetes mellitus
a metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose
fats
organic compounds
Low-cholesterol diet
restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams daily