Ch. 11 Nutrients and Diets Key terms
What is absorption
Absorption is the process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients.
What is bland diet
A bland diet consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
What is calorie-controlled diets
include both low-calorie and high-calorie diets.
What Is diabetic diet
In this condition, the body does not produce enough of the hormone insulin to metabolize carbohydrates.
What is fiber diets
Fiber diets are usually classified as high fiber or low fiber. A high-fiber diet usually provides at least 30 grams (g) of fiber without seeds or nuts. It is used to stimulate activity in the digestive tract.
What is anorexia nervosa
a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all
What is body mass index
Body mass index (BMI) is a calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat.
What is carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the major source of readily usable human energy.
What is digestion
(breakdown) of food
What is hypertension
high blood pressure; may be caused by an excess amount of fat or salt in the diet; can lead to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys
What is antioxidants
organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals
What is bulimarexia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
What is cellulose
is the fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate.
What is essential nutrients
Essential nutrients are composed of chemical elements found in food. They are used by the body to perform many different body functions
What is lipids
Lipids, commonly called fats and oils, are organic compounds. Three of the most common lipids found in both food and the human body are triglycerides (fats and fatty acids), phospholipids (lecithin), and sterols (cholesterol).
What is atherosclerosis
condition in which arteries are narrowed by the accumulation of fatty substances
What is bulimia
a psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges (eats excessively) and then fasts, or refuses to eat at all;
What is cholesterol
Cholesterol is a sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products.
What is fat restricted diets
usually limit fats to less than 50 grams (g) daily
What is liquid diets
liquid diet plus strained soups and cereals, fruit and vegetable juices, yogurt, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding, sherbet, milk, and eggnog. These diets may be used after surgery, for patients with acute infections or digestive problems, to replace fluids lost by vomiting or diarrhea, and before some X-rays of the digestive tract.
What is basal metabolic rate
The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work,
What is calorie
units of heat energy used to measure the amount of energy provided by food and beverages
What is diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or use of insulin leading to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood;
What is fats
Fats provide the most concentrated form of energy but are a higher calorie option source of energy than carbohydrates. Fats also maintain body temperature by providing insulation, cushion organs and bones, aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and provide flavor to meals.
What is low cholesterol diet
A low-cholesterol diet restricts foods that contain cholesterol and usually limits fats to less than 50 grams (g) daily.