Temperature
What temperature scale is commonly used in science?
Celsius
Name the three states of matter.
Solid, liquid, gas
What needs to be added or subtracted in order to change the temperature of an object?
Energy
True or false: all materials have the same specific heat
False - different for each material
Thermal energy naturally flows from ________ energy to ________ energy.
high to low
Which temperature scale includes absolute zero?
Kelvin
What is the boiling point of water in both Fahrenheit and Celsius?
212 degrees F and 100 degrees C
Energy tends to flow from ______ objects to ______ objects.
warmer to cooler
What is specific heat?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material by 1 degree Celsius
What are the three methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, radiation
Temperature is a measure of the _____________ of an object.
Thermal energy
Which state of matter has the highest thermal energy?
Define heat.
The flow of thermal energy from object to object
Low specific heat means the object gains/loses energy _______
quickly
What affects how much radiated heat an object can absorb?
What is the value of absolute zero in degrees Celsius?
-273 degrees Celsius
What are intermolecular forces AND which state of matter has the strongest intermolecular forces?
Forces holding molecules of an object together; solids have strongest intermolecular forces
Describe the relationship between temperature and thermal energy.
As temp increases, so does thermal energy and vice versa
Why is specific heat different for different materials?
Depends on the mass and density of the atoms that make up that material
What phase of matter conducts heat most easily and why?
Solids because the atoms are tightly packed together, resulting in more collisions between atoms
What is the value of absolute zero in Kelvin?
0 Kelvin (not degrees Kelvin)
What is changing when a material changes from one state of matter to another?
temperature, energy, arrangement of molecules
What is the standard unit measure for heat?
Joule
Materials with heavy particles have ______ energy per atom and therefore a ________ specific heat.
High energy per atom and low specific heat
Explain how density plays a role in convection.