CH 12a
Researchers can examine memory early in infancy by:
a. examining if an infant looks more at novel than familiar items.
b. asking the infant to engage in verbal recall.
c. observing whether or not the infant appears to be engaging in memory behavior.
d. training the infant to cry when an unfamiliar stimulus is presented.
examining if an infant looks more at novel than familiar items
Most infants can recognize the sound and meaning of familiar words:
a. before their first birthday.
b. at birth.
c. within the first month of life.
d. not until they are 2 years of age.
before their first birthday
Judgments of leaning improve memory by
What is providing the appropriate retrieval cues
Randolf is studying for his Japanese vocabulary quiz. Randolf has a long list of translations in front of him. Which is the most efficient study strategy
Randolf should cover the Japanese words, present himself with the English, and try to retrieve each translation. If he fails, he should uncover the word, repeat it, and then come back to the item later
Research on nonnutritive sucking shows that:
a. nonnutritive sucking is not a good measure of memory in infants.
b. infants will suck more in response to novel stimuli.
c. infants will suck more regardless of whether a stimulus is novel or familiar.
d. conjugate reinforcement cannot measure implicit memory responses.
infants will suck more in response to novel stimuli
According to the memory efficiency view, memory improves in young children
because:
a. the children are learning to apply knowledge of how memory works
b. the processes of memory themselves improve as a child grow
c. episodic memory comes online in the fourth year of life
d. theory of mind drives the improvements in memory
the processes of memory themselves improve as a child grow
When is massed practice beneficial
What is immediately precedes the test
Which is a good generalization of the research on retrieval practice?
a. study carefully
b. test yourself
c. plan ahead
d. do not cram
test yourself
The conjugate reinforcement technique is most useful to test memory in infants' age:
a. over 1 year.
b. under two weeks.
c. from 8 months to 1 year.
d. from 2 to 6 months.
from 2 to 6 months
According to the memory strategies view, memory improves in young children
because:
a. the children are learning to apply knowledge of how memory works
b. the processes of memory themselves improve as a child grow
c. episodic memory comes online in the fourth year of life
d. theory of mind drives the improvements in memory
the children are learning to apply knowledge of how memory works
Retrieval cues are helpful for memory improvement because
We can structure our learning to provide with a variety
Self-regulated learning is most associated with which broad principle of memory improvement?
a. use metamemory
b. use retrieval cues
c. process for meaning
d. use visual imagery
use metamemory
In the conjugate reinforcement technique, memory is measured when:
a. the infant pulls down the mobile
b. the infant starts crying
c. the infant kicks of a blanket keeping the infant warm
d. the infant kicks when the mobile is reattached to its foot
the infant kicks when the mobile is reattached to its foot
Children between the ages of 3 and 6 do not:
a. remember events from their lives
b. use elaborative encoding spontaneously
c. engage in any strategic behavior with respect to memory
d. show any evidence of having developed a theory of mind
use elaborative encoding spontaneously
Encoding variability ensure that you will have created a range of cues for the information
retrieval will improve because some of the cues at encoding will also be present at retrieval
Judgments of learning improve memory by:
a. making a JOL superior in memory improvement to retrieval practice
b. alerting us to those items that need further study
c. providing the appropriate retrieval cues
d. accurately predicting future test performance
alerting us to those items that need further study
In imitation, an infant must:
a. kick in response to an absent mobile
b. demonstrate conservation of mass
c. recognize a familiar person
d. copy the physical actions of another
copy the physical actions of another
Evidence suggests that working memory:
a. does not change with age
b. is developmentally a sub-set of episodic memory
c. improves from early to later childhood
d. cannot be classified as something that benefits from either memory efficiency or memory strategies
improves from early to later childhood
Research on retrieval practice shows that
making yourself retrieve information is a superior method learning than simply re-reading that information
Allocating study time to the most difficult items is a memory improvement tool associated with which broad principle?
a. use metamemory
b. use distributed practice
c. test thyself
d. process for meaning
use metamemory