Mitosis
What phase of the cell cycle is DNA replication
S phase
How many rounds of cellular division occurs in meiosis?
two rounds, four total cells created
what is asexual reproduction
cloning of a single parent, identical offspring
What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?
Sister chromatids are AFTER S phase replication
Only called chromatids while attached to another chromosome
True or false: individuals can be either diploid or haploid
true! different life cycles depending on species!
what is sexual reproduction
offspring produced by union of the gametes
What in an animal cell increases the length of the cell, preparing it for division?
Polar Mitotic spindle
Mitotic spindle is also required for chromosome alignment and separation
What is the purpose of recombination?
Genetic diversity and unique daughter cells
what is a sexual life cycle?
stages in reproduction history from conception to production of offspring
What is the difference between centrosome and centromere
centrosome: connection spot between sister chromatids
centromere: factory that produces the Mitotic spindle
Describe the life cycle of gametic meiosis
zygote divides by mitosis to create a diploid organism. Diploid organism creates haploid gametes via meiosis. Fertilization occurs when two haploid gametes join, this creates a diploid zygote.
zygote can divide by ??
mitosis or meiosis
What is the order of the phases of mitosis and what occurs during the phases
Interphase: DNA dispersed, centrosomes duplicated
Prophase: condensation, nucleolus disappears, spindle forms, centrosomes move to opposite poles of cell
Prometaphase: envelope disappears, kinetochore present, MT attach to kinetochore
metaphase: chromosomes align at plate, centrosomes at opposite ends of cells
Anaphase: cohesin cleaved by separase, MT pulls apart chromatids, chromosome number doubles
Telophase and cytokinesis: nuclear envelope dev., spindle disappears, cleavage furrow appears for division
How is meiosis different from mitosis
Two rounds of cellular division, four total cells produced
During Meiosis one, homologous chromosomes separate NOT sister chromatids. This creates a haploid cell
During meiosis two: sister chromatids separate
Explain alteration of generations
Diploid organism and haploid multicellular organism can occur. Diploid will divide via meiosis to make spore. Haploid will create a gamete via mitosis and undergo fertilization with another haploid gamete.