Basic
What do clear liquid diets consist of?
Foods that are clear and liquid at room or body temperature
As oral intake ____, tube-feeding should ____.
Increase, decrease
What do full liquid diets consist of?
Foods that are liquid at room temperature
Parenteral Nutrition can be divided into what two parts?
Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN) and Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)
What are the different methods of administration?
Continuous, Intermittent, Bolus
What is the time frame for clear liquid diets?
No more than 8 to 24 hours
At what point should tube feeding be stopped?
When oral intake constantly exceeds two thirds of estimated energy requirements
What are Dietary Supplements regulated by?
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994
When is Peripheral parenteral nutrition used?
During short-term nutrition support
What does a long duration of feeding require?
Surgical placement
Dysphagia Diets consist of how many levels?
4
What do long periods of parenteral nutrition without enteral feedings result in?
Atrophy of the GI Tract
By definition, what is dietary supplements considered?
A food
How is carbohydrates delivered during Parental Nutrition?
via central vein
What is the main purpose of Enteral Nutrition?
Maintaining gut integrity/function
What do soft diets consist of?
Whole foods, low in fiber and lightly seasoned
What should be documented during the weaning process?
Enteral intake
How can most tube-feeding problems be avoided?
Good hand washing techniques by nursing staff administering the feeding
What is the function of fat in Parenteral Nutrition?
Used as a concentrated energy source and to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency
What are some indications for use?
•Malnutrition risk: 5 days or longer of inadequate or reduced oral intake
•Severe dysphagia, major burns, short gut, intestinal fistulas, and other situations that preclude oral intake
What is recommended to help achieve better food choices and reduce meal refusals?
Understanding the common food preferences and patterns used by people of different cultures
Why is minimal enteral intake encouraged?
To help maintain normal GI tract physiology and gut mucosal immunity
What are the metabolic difficulties in tube-feeding complications?
Hyperosmolar dehydration or overhydration; abnormal blood levels of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium (too high or too low); hyperglycemia; respiratory insufficiency; and rapid weight gain.
What are the three complications of Parenteral Nutrition?
What are the 6 different feeding routes of Enteral Nutrition?
Nasogastric, Nasoduodenal, Nasojejunal, Esophagostomy, Gastrostomy, Jejunostomy