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¿Que es?
La Historia
Economic Development
Don't Be a SAP!
Politics & Government
100
Composed of countries from North, Central, and South America, this region includes a diverse range of languages, ethnicities, religions, cultures, governments and resources.
What is Latin America?
100
The Spanish name for this conquistador, who is often credited with the "discovery" of the Americas, helped "launch the age of European imperialism in Latin America" (Anderson et al 381).
Who is Cristóbal Colón?
100
This economic theory argues "that the global marketplace is an unfair trading ground for most former colonies" (Anderson et al 388) and posits "that Latin American poverty & stalled growth [are] a product of the region's dependence on more advanced economies in the north" (481).
What is "dependency theory"?
100
SAP stands for this economic model that requires indebted countries to enact austere economic policies such as devaluation of national currency, reduction of public services provided by the state (healthcare, education, etc.), increased privatization of public services, and free trade agreements.
What is a Structural Adjustment Program?
100
In this "form of governmental rule .... leaders are chosen by some form of electoral process" (Anderson et al 481).
What is a "democracy"?
200
This region of rain forest lowlands in South America includes some of the world's greatest biodiversity and the largest river (by volume) in the world.
What is the Amazon?
200
Though the French named it "Latin America," the region's colonial history was primarily dominated by these two European countries.
What are Spain & Portugal?
200
This "dominant economic model in Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s ... called for national industries to provide previously imported goods" (Anderson et al 485) and "prioritized national development goals over participation in a global economy" (389)
What is "import substitution industrialization"?
200
This "international organization [is] responsible for providing financial assistance and advice to countries to facilitate economic development and eliminate poverty" (Anderson et al 496).
What is the World Bank?
200
Cuba took on this type of governmental system when it became a "Soviet client" during the Cold War.
What is "communism"?
300
"The dominant mountain range of western South America" (Anderson et al 477), they include regions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela.
What are the Andes?
300
These are the original residents of the Americas who both historically and currently "find themselves at the bottom of the social and economic ladder" (Anderson et al 381) as a result of colonialism.
Who are indigenous peoples?
300
This term refers to the multiple difficulties faced by Latin America in the 1970's, during which inflation skyrocketed, debt & interest rates increased, poverty grew, and states were increasingly unable to provide public services.
What is the "lost decade"?
300
This "international organization ... provides financial assistance to nations with financial problems and monitors the global financial system, observing changes in currency exchange rates and national balances of payments" (Anderson et al 486).
What is the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
300
Chile and other Latin American countries have been governed by this type of authoritarian rule, which is often enforced with military support.
What is a "dictatorship"?
400
This term refers to the southern part of the South American continent, which includes the countries of Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
What is the "Southern Cone"?
400
These American-born elite "wanted political freedom from Europe while maintaining domination over indigenous peoples and African slaves at home" (Anderson et al 383).
Who were "criollos"?
400
This term refers to Latin America's hundreds of billions of dollars worth of debt from primarily US & European.
What is the "debt crisis"?
400
This type of economic philosophy and related policies attempts to remove barriers regulating imports & exports between certain countries, articulated in international agreements like NAFTA & FTAA.
What is "free trade"?
400
This U.S. President preferred dictatorships as the governance model in Latin American countries and referred to this authoritarian leaders as "our thugs" (Anderson et al 399).
Who is President Ronald Reagan?
500
Along with the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean, all Latin American countries fall within this global region of the world.
What is the Western Hemisphere?
500
This Spanish word means "leader" or "political chief" and "was typically a wealthy landowner with dominion over dozens or hundreds of workers tilling vast plots of land" (Anderson et al 384).
What is a "caudillo"?
500
This term refers to funds "deposited in mostly Western banks during the 1970's petroleum boom in the Middle East. Some of these funds eventually made their way into loans to Latin America and other parts of the developing world" (Anderson et al 491).
What are "petrodollars"?
500
This type of capitalism is currently the "dominant economic model in most parts of the world, it provides free trade and low government intervention in the economy. It is promoted by the [IMF], World Bank, and other Western lending institutions" (Anderson et al 490).
What is neoliberalism?
500
DAILY DOUBLE (not in the book): Many Latin American countries have experimented with this form of governance, which can include elements of democracy, socialism, and grassroots activism and includes a range of political practices that involve citizens beyond the voting booth.
What is "participatory democracy"?