Subatomic Particles & Electron Energy Levels
The 3 subatomic particles of an atom and their charges.
What are neutrons (neutral), protons (+), and electrons (-)?
The 4 types of chemical bonds.
What are Ionic, Covalent, Van der Waals, & Hydrogen bonds?
The attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind. This is how water sticks to itself.
Give an example.
What is cohesion?
Water molecules
Alcohols: -OH group attached to end, polar due to electrons near oxygen atom, can form hydrogen bonds
What are hydroxyl groups?
Compounds with same molecular formula but have different structures and properties.
What are isomers?
The atomic number and mass number of Nickel.
What is the atomic number is 28?
What is the mass number is 58-59?
The sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.
The one group of atoms that interact to form this bond.
What are covalent bonds?
What are nonmetals?
The attraction of molecules to other substances. This is how water sticks to different molecules.
Give an example.
What is adhesion?
Water sticks to glass on graduated cylinder.
Involve carbon atom double bonded to oxygen atom (C=O), can be ketones or aldehydes depending on where the group is located
What is a carbonyl group?
The primary energy transferring molecule in the cell. Adenosine attached to three phosphate groups.
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
The number of electrons in the outermost valence shell that completes the octet rule.
What are 8 electrons?
Strongest chemical connection in which one atoms loses valence electrons and gains them from another.
The two groups of atoms that interact to form this bond.
What are Ionic bonds?
What are nonmetals and metals?
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1° C.
What is specific heat?
-COOH, acts as an acid, can donate an H+ due to covalent bond between hydrogen and oxygen
What is a carboxyl group?
Pairs of molecules that are mirror images of each other.
What are enantiomers?
Atoms will have the same electronegativity number. No positive or negative charges formed. Examples include N2, CCL4, & CO2.
What are non polar covalent bonds?
Weak bond formed between two molecules resulting from attraction between a hydrogen atom and electronegative atom in another.
Give an example.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Examples: H2O, NH3, HN, HF, etc.
The type of solution in which water is the solvent.
What is an aqueous solution?
-NH2, acts as a base, can pick of H+ from solution, usually found with a +1 charge
What is an amino group?
The components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions.
What are functional groups?
Atoms have different electronegativity levels. One atom is more positive/negative than the other. Examples: H2O, HCl, & NH3.
What are polar covalent bonds?
Bond formed when electrons are distributed asymmetrically in molecules/atoms that results in positive & negative charges in "hotspots."
What are Van der Waals forces?
The stability of hydrogen bonds in water allow ice to float on less stable liquid bonds.
Compound name Thiols, -SH, cross-linking of this group can occur to stabilize the protein structure
What is a sulfhydryl group?
The five elements that are most abundant in the human body.
What are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen?