1
a person who receives protection and land from a lord in return for loyalty and service
vassal
a person who works to spread their religious beliefs, often in a foreign country
missionary
the pope and his office
papacy
a book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than printed
manuscript
to change to something new or different
convert
something of value that is not money, like agricultural goods
in kind
an estate of land under feudal control and service
fief
a self-sufficient estate
manor
the loyalty of a citizen to his or her government
allegiance
to make something regular or consistent for ease of use
standardize
the ruler in a government in which authority over the people is retained through a ruling family
monarch
a form of payment that does not change
fixed dues
the quality of being faithful or loyal to someone, especially a king or other nobility
fealty
the economic relationship between peasants and lords in which peasants worked a lord’s land in exchange for some sort of payment
manorial system
a senior member of the Christian clergy
bishop
a system of organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority
hierarchy
a building or group of buildings in which monks live and work
monastery
a system of government in which nobles gave land to lesser nobles to govern in exchange for loyalty and military service
feudalism
district under pastoral rule of a bishop
diocese