Acute Injuries I
involves damage to a ligament that provides support to a joint
What is a sprain?
incomplete breaks in bones that have not completely ossified
What are greenstick fractures?
the most common overuse injury in sports, inflammation of a tendon
What is tendinitis?
extremely painful involuntary muscle contractions that occur most commonly in the calf, abdomen, or hamstrings
What are muscle cramps?
begins immediately following injury, phagocytic cells clean up the mess created by injury, injured cells release chemicals that facilitate the healing process. symptoms include: redness, pain, swelling, heat, and loss of function
What is the inflammatory response phase?
separation or tearing of the muscle fibers
What is a strain?
occur in straight lines, more or less at right angles to the bone shaft
What are transverse fractures?
occurs around joints, where there is friction between the tendon and bone, skin and bone, or muscle and other muscles. inflammation of a bursa (piece of synovial membrane that contains a small amount of fluid and permit motion without friction)
What is bursitis?
involuntary muscle contractions that occur in response to pain following a musculoskeletal injury
What is muscle guarding?
proliferative and regenerative activity leads to scar formation and and repair of injured tissue
What is the fibroblastic repair phase?
occurs when at least one bone in a joint is forced completely out of its normal and proper alignment and must be manually or surgically put back into place
What is a dislocation?
have an S-Shaped separation, common in football and skiing when the foot is planted and the body is suddenly rotated
What are spiral fractures?
area of tenderness in a tight band of muscle caused by acute muscle strain or static postural positions. often found in the neck, upper back, and lower back.
What are trigger points?
results from physical activity that one is not accustomed to, overexertion in strenuous exercise. can be acute-onset, or delayed-onset (DOMS)
What is muscle soreness?
long-term process, features realignment or remodeling of the scar tissue according to the tensile forces to which the scar is subjected
What is the maturation-remodeling phase?
a bone comes partially out of its normal articulation and then goes right back into place
What is a subluxation?
occur when there is enough displacement of the fractured ends that the bone breaks through the surround tissue, including the skin
What are open fractures?
inflammation of a tendon and it's synovial sheath, treated the same as tendinitis
What is tenosynovitis?
occurs when soft tissues are compressed between bone and some external force, aka bruise
What is a contusion?
initiates the healing process
What is inflammation?
occurs as a result of extreme stresses and strains placed on bones
What is a fracture?
results from overuse, repetitive forces transmitted through the bone irritate the periosteum, most common fracture that results from physical activity
What is a stress fracture?
degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage in a joint
What is osteoarthritis?
chronic nerve irritation caused by repeated tension or compression
What is neuritis?
for a fracture to heal, osteoblasts must lay down this structure over the fracture site