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RNA
Transcription
Translation
Mutations/Gene Regulation
Miscellaneous
100
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
100
The process of producing mRNA from instructions on DNA:
transcription
100
The process of reading the mRNA and building a protein:
translation
100
a change in the genetic material
mutation
100
Organisms that do NOT have a nucleus!
prokaryotes
200
These are used as building materials & enzymes in living things.
proteins
200
Molecule that reads the DNA and builds the mRNA:
RNA Polymerase
200
This molecule has a cloverleaf shape and carries amino acids to the ribosome as the mRNA is read:
tRNA
200
Two major types of mutations:
gene & chromosomal
200
"DNA --> RNA --> Protein" is known as the _______ _______ of molecular biology.
central dogma
300
What are the three differences between RNA and DNA?
ribose sugar, single stranded, uracil instead of thymine
300
"junk" DNA removed from mRNA
introns
300
Term for three bases that code for an amino acid:
codon
300
The group of genes that work together to break down lactose:
lac operon
300
When an insertion or deletion moves the reading order of the bases and changes the protein that is produced:
frameshift mutation
400
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
400
Parts of the DNA code that are spliced together in the mRNA and are then expressed as a protein:
exons
400
Term for the growing chain of amino acids at the ribosome:
polypeptide (protein)
400
DNA binding proteins that attach to regulatory regions of eukaryotic DNA to control expression of those genes:
transcription factors
400
a group of homeobox genes that are important in cell development & differentiation
hox genes
500
Process that involves all three types of RNA working together:
translation
500
The start codon:
methionine (AUG)
500
Number of amino acids listed on the genetic code chart that are needed by living things:
20
500
introduction of double stranded RNA into a cell to inhibit gene expression:
RNA interference
500
Name the four types of chromosomal mutations:
deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation