Energy
What directly relates to the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object?
temperature
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred between objects or into another form of energy. A change in a system's energy is equal to the energy transferred to the system.
What are the three scales used to measure temperature?
fahrenheit, celcius, kelvin
What is buoyant force?
The upward force caused by displacement of a fluid.
If the volume of a gas is held constant, what would cause the pressure to increase?
Increasing the temperature.
Ex. increasing the temperature by a factor of 2 would cause the pressure to double. increasing the temperature by a factor of 3 would cause the pressure to triple.
What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Energy can flow from a colder object to a warmer object only if something does work.
Who uses each of the temperature scales?
fahrenheit - US and a few other countries.
celcius - most of the world and sometimes scientists
kelvin - scientists
Is the buoyant force stronger on the bottom of a submerged object or the top?
The bottom
What is a fluid?
Any flowing liquid or liquid gas.
What is conduction?
When warm and cold objects are in contact with each other, thermal energy moves from the warmer object to the colder object. This continues until the objects are the same temperature. EX: a kettle with water over a flame.
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
There is a limit to how cold objects can get. The only way to reduce an object's temperature is to increase the entropy of the environment. True absolute zero can never be achieved.
What is the freezing point of water?
32 degrees F
0 degrees C
273.15 degrees K
What happens when the buoyant force on an object immersed in water is less than the weight of the object?
The object will sink.
Describe the velocity of water related to the pipe or hose in which is flows.
Velocity is changed depending on the size of the pipe or hose.
What is convection?
The flow of thermal energy as fluids move. The movement of warm and cold fluids or air Ex. thunderstorms, the rising of a hot air balloon.
What is termperature?
The measure of hotness or coldness of a substance - it is proportional to the average kinetic enery of the particles in the object.
What is zero on the Kelvin scale called?
Absolute zero
What happens when the buoyant force of an object immersed in water is greater than the weight of the object?
The object will float.
How can liquid glue come out of the end of a tube when you apply pressure to the middle of the tube?
When pressure is applied, it is transmitted to all parts of the glue, pushing some of the glue out.
What is radiation?
The process of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves. Ex. the sun warming the earth or a heat lamp keeping food hot.
What is thermodynamics?
The study of thermal energy and heat.
What is buoyancy?
The tendancy of an object to float when immersed in a fluid.
What is the Archimedes's Principle
Submerged objects displace an amount of fluid equal to the volume of the object itself.
What is Bernoulli's principle?
The relationship between the increasing speed of a fluid and its decreasing pressure.
Faster flowing fluids have lower fluid pressure.
Slower flowing fluids have higher fluid pressure.