Go With the Flow
enlarged, tortuous veins engorged with pooled blood.
This group of people has a higher incidence of hypertension than any other.
African Americans
This disease is characterized by intermittent ischemia occurring from exposure to cold. The symptoms generally resolve when the extremities are warmed.
What is Raynaud's disease
What is varicose veins
This is reading of the pressure during ventricular relaxation
diastolic pressure
Elevated blood pressure can be directly related to adverse effects in this body system.
the renal system directly affects the BP. Altered renal function can lead to hypertension.
for a person on therapeutic doses of warfarin what lab value is monitored?
INR
True or False: Alcohol is a mild vasodilator when consumed in moderate amounts, which can be beneficial to heart health,
True
cramping pain in the calves, occurs in the presence of arterial insufficiency
What is claudication
This is the purpose of an angiogram
An angiogram is usually performed to identify thrombi within the venous system.
What is a loop diuretic used for? What dietary adjustments need to be made?
Loop diuretics are potent, potassium-wasting diuretics. After talking with the health care provider, it should be recommended that the patient increase intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas and potatoes to offset potassium depletion from the diuretic.
Explain nursing management prior to a cardiac catherization in relation to: consent, contrast, and allergies
Informed consent is required for any procedure and is the physician’s responsibility. Contrast dye used in cardiac catheterization is iodine based, so allergies to iodine or shellfish must be determined before the procedure. Because the contrast dye is nephrotoxic, renal status should be evaluated before this procedure is begun
What is indicative of hypertensive crisis?
The diastolic pressure rising to readings between 140 and 170 and the patient being asymptomatic indicates hypertensive crisis.
Calculate the pulse pressure for 147/79
pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures. 147 - 79 = 68
Nursing priority is given to maintaining adequate arterial circulation following cardiac catheterization. The most effective way to evaluate this is by assessing arterial pulses on the extremity used for catheter insertion, usually the leg.
This is the cardinal sign of a pulmonary embolus and is a medical emergency
Hemoptysis (coughing up rust colored sputum)
You are completing a cardiovascular assessment. Describe the following: the apical pulse rate and rhythm should be assessed, presence of any pulse deficit, other pulse points to assess
the apical pulse rate and rhythm should be assessed, noting the presence of any pulse deficit. The apical pulse should be counted for a full minute. The carotid, femoral, popliteal, and pedal pulses should also be palpated and compared bilaterally, noting quality and character
Describe how to grade each pulse quality:
0
+1
+2
+3
+4
grading pulse quality is as follows: 0—Absent, +1—Weak, thready, +2—Light volume, +3—Normal volume, and +4—Full, bounding.
Explain the process of a stress echocardiogram?
A stress echocardiogram combines exercise on a treadmill with an ultrasound (echocardiogram). Once an optimal heart rate is achieved, the patient must transfer extremely quickly from the treadmill to the table to ensure quality imaging.
Explain the following layers of the heart:
Myocardium - Endocardium - Epicardium - Pericardium
The myocardium is the middle layer of muscle fibers of the heart that contract to pump blood. The endocardium is the lining of the inner surface of the heart chambers, the epicardium is the outer layer of the heart muscle, and the pericardium is the membranous sac that surrounds the heart.
Explain the purpose of a Doppler flow study
The Doppler flow study detects obstructions in the vessels of the lower extremities. The Doppler study may also be performed in other areas of the body, such as the carotid arteries.
What is the difference between modifiable vs. nonmodifiable risk factors. Name two of each.
Modifiable: Smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle
Nonmodifiable: Race, age
The Five P’s of arterial disease are:
pain, pulselessness, pallor, paresthesias, and paralysis.
An older adult patient is on metoprolol and furosemide. What are your general nursing priorities?
fall prevention and safety are most important for the older adult patient
When prescribed a low-sodium diet, your patient should be educated to eat foods such as:
Fresh spinach, whole-grain pasta, and grapefruit are appropriate low-sodium choices.