NorthWest Passage
• European kings and queens wanted to find a water route to Asia through the Western Hemisphere
Northwest Passage
As explorers searched for a Northwest Passage, religious and political unrest grew in ???
Europe.
Because of England’s strong naval fleet, an English victory at sea challenged Spanish dominance in ????.
Europe and the Americas
Under Queen Elizabeth I, ??? challenged Spain’s claim on the Western Hemisphere.
England
In 1608, French explorer Samuel de Champlain established a fur-trading base along the St. Lawrence River that became the ???
first permanent French settlement in North America.
In 1497, King Henry VII of England commissioned John Cabot, who sailed to ????? claimed the land for England.
Newfoundland in present-day Canada
In 1517, the Reformation began when a German monk named ??? accused the Catholic Church of corruption.
Martin Luther
Spain had a head start on settling North America, but England began to catch up, largely because of ????
Queen Elizabeth I
In 1588, ??? sent his navy to conquer England
King Philip
Champlain became trading partners with the ???
Huron, Algonquian, and Montagnai.
In ????, France sent Giovanni da Verrazzano to the Americas
1524
Martin Luther created the ????, pointing out the Church’s hypocritical and greedy practices.
95 Theses
Queen Elizabeth I, a Protestant, saw ??? as a threat to England’s independence.
Spain
— was a fleet of 130 warships—was delayed by stormy weather.
The Spanish Armada
Champlain’s trading partners brought him ???? , which he shipped to Europe to be sold; this system resulted in a robust international fur-trade in New France.
valuable furs
French seafarer Jacques Cartier sailed to Canada and the St. Lawrence River three times, naming the land
Canada
Some of Luther’s followers formed the branch of Protestantism that bears his name:????
Lutheranism.
Francis Drake was an English Sea Dog and ????, or seafarer licensed by a monarch to attack enemy ships; he stole treasure from Spanish ships and ports
privateer
The defeat of the Spanish Armanda was a blow to Spain’s position as the dominant world power in both Europe and the ???
New World
Champlain’s post, which was later named ???, was home to only about 100 people.
Quebec
In 1609, ????? sailed along the Atlantic Coast for the Dutch—today a river, strait, and bay are named after him
Henry Hudson
The Catholic Church also persecuted, or punished, all followers of ???
Protestantism.
the first Englishmen to circumnavigate, or sail around, the worl
Francis Drake
??? claimed North American lands as rich sources of trade and wealth, but they had trouble establishing colonies.
The French and Dutch
The Dutch purchased the island of Manhattan from Native Americans in 1626, developing the community of ???.
New Amsterdam