Atoms & Matter
Chemical Bonds
Acids & Bases
Chemical Reactions
Biomolecules
100

Anything that has mass & occupies space

Matter

100

Bond that forms when electrons are gained/lost & become charged

Ionic bond

100

Proton acceptors

Bases

100

The input of a chemical reaction is the _____ while the result is the ______

Reactant, product

100

What are carbohydrates?

Groups of molecules that include sugars & starches, provide a ready, easily used source of cellular fuel

200

Smallest particles of an element, give each element their particular physical & chemical properties

Atom

200

Bond that forms when 2+ valence shell electrons are shared

Covalent bond

200

Release hydrogen ions (H+)

Acids

200

Reactions that involve atoms & molecules combining to form larger, more complex molecules

Synthesis/anabolic reactions

200

Molecules that are insoluble in water, used for fat storage

Lipids

300

Name and describe the parts of an atom

Protons: carry a positive charge

Neutrons: have no electrical charge

Electrons: carry a negative charge

300

An atom that gained 1+ electrons is called a _____ and has a ____ charge

Anion, negative charge

300

A substance with a pH of 10 is considered

Basic/alkaline

300

Reactions that involve the breakdown of a molecule into smaller components.

Decomposition/catabolic

300

Single-stranded molecule used for protein synthesis 

RNA

400

How many neutrons does carbon have?

6

Mass number (protons & neutrons)= 12

Atomic number (protons) = 6

12-6 = 6

400

An atom that lost 1+ electrons is called a _____ and has a ____ charge

Cation, positive charge

400
A substance with a pH of 3 is considered

Acidic

400

Reactions that involve both synthesis & decomposition

Exchange/displacement

400
Define the terms monomer & polymer

Monomer: building blocks, single unit

Polymer: many monomers, complex structure

500

What is an isotope?

Structural variations of the same element, contain the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons

500

Desire to have full electrons in the valence shell

Octet rule (rule of eights)
500

What is a buffer?

Resists abrupt changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions

500

Increase rate of reaction without being chemically changed, give a biological example

Catalysts, enzymes

500

Describe 2 of the 4 structural levels of proteins

1: linear sequence of amino acids

2: alpha helix coils, beta pleated sheets

3: superimposed structure, compact globular molecule

4: 2+ polypeptide chains, complex structure