Lesson 1
Which early scientist theorized that the planets moved in elliptical orbits, or oval-like paths, around the sun?
Johannes Kepler
During the Enlightenment, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke based their ideas about government on
natural law
How were the scientific ideas of early thinkers passed on to later generations?
Written records
What is a constitutional monarchy?
A government where a constitution limits the ruler's power
the overthrow of King James II of England
Glorious Revolution
"I think, therefore I am" was written by
Rene Descartes
Separation of powers means that governmental power is divided among different groups, such as the executive, judicial, and
Legislative branches
Why did European ideas about the universe change during the 1500s and 1600s?
Scientific Advances
Who were the philosophes and what did they believe?
Intellectuals who sought wisdom through reason and supported science and freedom of speech
an agreement between rulers and the people
social contract
Who was the English thinker who developed the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
One English writer who was a strong supporter of women’s rights was
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which discoveries did scientists make during the 1600s and 1700s?
Laws of motion and gravity
Who wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman"?
Mary Wollstonecraft
the steps for an orderly search for knowledge
scientific method
Ptolemy’s geocentric, or Earth-centered, theory
was accepted in Europe for over 1400 years.
France’s Sun King, or King Louis XIV, was a(n)
absolute monarch
What effect did the Scientific Revolution have on thinkers during the 1700s?
It inspired a search for wisdom through reason.
What was Diderot’s Encyclopedia?
A comprehensive encyclopedia covering various subjects
__________ was one of Russia’s most powerful czars.
Catherine the Great
How did Thomas Hobbes view people?
As naturally violent and selfish
How was Frederick the Great influenced by the Enlightenment?
He supported reforms inspired by Enlightenment ideas.