Minerals
What are minerals.
There are ______________ main layers of the Earth.
What is four
Rock formed from sediments buried, and compacted and cemented over time.
What is sedimentary rock
Earthquakes and Volcanoes are usually located in relation to these
What is a plate boundary
The Himalayan mountains are the result of a ___________________________ boundary.
What is convergent boundary
Crystal structure, color, streak, luster, density, hardness, fracture, and cleavage.
What are the 8 characteristics of minerals
The thickest layer of the Earth
What is the mantle.
Rock formed from magma that has cooled and solidified on or near Earth's surface.
What is igneous rock
Subduction (where volcanoes often occur) and collision (where mountains are usually formed) result at this type of plate boundary.
What is convergent boundary
Hot air or liquid is less ________________ than cool air or liquid.
What is dense
The color of a mineral's powder found by scraping the mineral on a plate. This is not always the same as the color of the mineral itself.
What is streak
Plates float on top of the _______________________.
What is the asthenosphere
Rock formed from an existing parent rock that has been buried and treated to extreme temperature and pressure.
What is metamorphic rock
An area of the Earth's mantle from which hot plumes rise upward, forming chains of volcanoes on the overlying crust.
What is a hotspot
_________________ are a result from the build up of stress at a plate boundary.
What are earthquakes
The way in which a mineral's surface reflects light, referring to the general appearance of a mineral, or how shiny it is.
What is luster
The processes by which rock is broken down into its sediments.
What are weathering and erosion
This is the mechanism under Earth's surface that causes the plates to move
What are convection cells in the mantle
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a ____________________ boundary.
What is a transform boundary
_________ is how the mineral breaks. An example of this is ____________ which refers to a mineral splitting along a regular, well-defined plane (flat surface).
What are fracture and cleavage
A sedimentary rock made up of rock fragments that become compacted or cemented together.
Occurring at mid-ocean ridges, new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity.
What is sea-floor spreading
The triangulation of seismic waves used to predict where earthquakes will occur.
What is seismology