Imperialism/SR
Absorbing colonized people into the culture of the imperialist nation
Assimilation
Sun-centered view of the universe
Heliocentric Theory
Earth-centered view of the universe
Geocentric Theory
Forced closing of ports
Blockades
Battle in Belgium that was Napoleon’s final defeat
Waterloo
He helped to bring together their breakthroughs under a single theory of motion.
Isaac Newton
This Italian young man learned that a Dutch lens maker had built an instrument that could enlarge far-off objects. He built his own telescope and used it to study the heavens in 1609. He published a small book called Starry Messenger, which described his astonishing observations.
Galileo Galilei
At these events, philosophers, writers, artists, scientists, and other great intellects met to discuss ideas
Napoleon’s policy of preventing trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations
Continental System
Napoleon’s last bid for power, which ended at Waterloo
Hundred Days
She ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796. The well- educated empress read the works of philosophes, and she exchanged many letters with Voltaire. She ruled with absolute authority but also sought to reform Russia.
Catherine the Great
A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems
Enlightenment
A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. It begins with a problem or question arising from an observation. Scientists next form a hypothesis, or unproved assumption. The hypothesis is then tested in an experiment or on the basis of data. In the final step, scientists analyze and interpret their data to reach a new conclusion. That conclusion either confirms or disproves the hypothesis.
Scientific Method
Spanish peasant fighteran for the government?
Guerrilla
Military leader who seized power in France
Napoleon Bonaparte
Governing in a “parental” way by providing for needs but not giving rights. (Team with most points can answer) 3x points.
Paternalism
During the 1700s, other women picked up these themes. Among the most persuasive was ____________ , who published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Most philosophes believed that reason, science, and art would improve life for all people. He, however, argued that civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains,” he wrote
Rousseau
War that Napoleon fought in Spain
Peninsular War
A sudden takeover of a government
Coup D’état
Probably the most brilliant and influential of the philosophes was Frangois Marie Arouet.
Voltaire
To escape such a bleak life, people had to hand over their rights to a strong ruler. In exchange, they gained law and order.
Social Contract
He believed that people could learn from experience and improve themselves. As reasonable beings, they had the natural ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society.
Policy of burning fields and slaughtering livestock so that enemy troops would find nothing to eat
Scorched-earth Policy
Government-run public school
Lycée