Gynecologic Emergencies
This infection can cause lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge, and pain during intercourse.
What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
This pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and may involve hypertension, edema, and protein in the urine.
What is preeclampsia?
This stage of labor begins with the onset of contractions and ends with complete cervical dilation.
What is the first stage of labor?
This occurs when the umbilical cord is wrapped around the newborn's neck.
What is a nuchal cord?
These three things are among the major initial criteria used to assess a newborn's condition.
What are heart rate, color, and respiratory effort?
This condition occurs when a pregnancy develops outside the uterus and may cause abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and hypovolemic shock.
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
This is a seizure associated with preeclampsia and can occur before, during, or after labor—even weeks after delivery.
What is eclampsia?
A patient has strong contractions every 2 minutes, feels like she needs to have a bowel movement, and you see crowning. What should you prepare for?
What is imminent delivery?
This occurs when the umbilical cord presents before the newborn.
What is a prolapsed umbilical cord?
This scoring system evaluates a newborn's appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respirations.
What is the APGAR score?
A patient has sudden, severe, unilateral lower abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, with possible vaginal bleeding. What condition should you consider?
What is a ruptured ovarian cyst?
A pregnant patient has painless, bright-red vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy. Her uterus is soft and nontender. What condition is most likely?
What is placenta previa?
This stage begins after delivery of the newborn and ends with delivery of the placenta.
What is the third stage of labor?
In this presentation, the baby's buttocks or feet present first instead of the head.
What is a breech presentation?
A newborn is not breathing adequately and has a heart rate below 100/min. What intervention is indicated?
What is positive-pressure ventilation (PPV)?
A patient of childbearing age has severe abdominal pain and appears to be developing hypovolemic shock. Vaginal bleeding is minimal. What life-threatening condition should you suspect?
What is a ruptured ectopic pregnancy?
A pregnant patient develops sudden, severe abdominal pain with vaginal bleeding and decreased fetal movement. What serious placental complication should you suspect?
What is abruptio placentae?
This stage begins with complete cervical dilation and ends with delivery of the newborn.
What is the second stage of labor?
A single arm, leg, or foot presents first during delivery. This type of delivery cannot be successfully completed in the field.
What is a limb presentation?
A newborn remains bradycardic despite effective ventilation, and the heart rate is below 60/min. What additional resuscitative intervention is indicated?
What are chest compressions?
You arrive for a patient with pelvic pain, fever, vaginal discharge, and pain during intercourse. She appears ill and is guarding her abdomen. What condition best fits this presentation?
What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
A pregnant patient develops severe nausea and vomiting that persists throughout pregnancy, resulting in dehydration, malnutrition, and significant fluid/electrolyte problems. What condition is this?
What is hyperemesis gravidarum?
You arrive and find a patient with strong, frequent contractions and a visible presenting part. Delivery is expected within minutes. What is the appropriate priority?
What is preparing to assist with delivery rather than delaying for transport?
During a breech delivery, the baby's body delivers but the head becomes trapped and does not deliver. What complication is occurring?
What is breech head entrapment?
A newborn is delivered through meconium-stained amniotic fluid but is crying, breathing adequately, and has a good heart rate. What should you do?
What is routine newborn care—dry, warm, position the airway, and continue assessment rather than automatically suctioning?