Anatomy 101
The formal name for the "throat," this muscular tube is divided into naso-, oro-, and laryngo- regions.
Pharynx
These ridged projections and grooved passageways in the nasal cavity help warm and moisten incoming air. (2 answers)
Conchae and Meatus
This "windpipe" contains half-ring cartilages that keep the airway open while allowing the esophagus to expand.
Trachea
This dome-shaped muscle is considered the main muscle of respiration.
Diaphragm
This reflex is a sudden expulsion of air specifically intended to clear the lower respiratory tract.
Cough
Known as the "voice box," this cartilaginous tissue connects the pharynx to the trachea.
Larynx
These mucus-producing cells are found within the nasal cavity.
Goblet cells
These tiny air sacs, surrounded by capillaries, are the primary structures for gas exchange.
Alveoli
During this phase of breathing, the diaphragm contracts and moves inferiorly, making the pressure in the lungs lower than atmospheric pressure.
Inhalation (Inspiration)
This structure is known as the "guardian of the airways" because it forms a flap over the glottis during swallowing.
Epiglottis
These two primary systems must work together to provide cells with oxygen and prevent rapid cell death.
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
These four pairs of air-filled cavities lighten the skull and act as resonance chambers for sound.
Paranasal sinuses
This substance reduces surface tension in the alveoli to keep their walls from sticking together.
Surfactants
This part of the brain is responsible for regulating the involuntary rhythm of breathing.
Medulla Oblongata
This reflex involves the spasmodic closure of the vocal cords after a forceful contraction of respiratory muscles.
Hiccup
This term refers to the study of the respiratory system.
Pulmonology
This is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, located inferior to the cheeks.
Maxillary sinus
This specific point of bifurcation in the trachea causes coughing when stimulated by foreign objects.
Carina
This type of respiration involves the exchange of gases between the blood in capillaries and the cells within tissues.
Internal (Tissue) Respiration
This pathology involves inflammation of the sinuses.
Sinusitis
These are the three specific structures that make up the Upper Respiratory Tract.
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
The medical term for a common nosebleed.
Epistaxis
These smaller branches of the bronchi can change their diameter because they contain more smooth muscle and less cartilage.
Bronchioles
This nerve is responsible for initiating the inhalation process.
Phrenic nerve
According to the learning objectives, a massage therapist must be able to give these for various respiratory pathologies.
Massage Modifications