The Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells. T/F?
False
Name one of the four groups of eukaryotic microorganisms.
Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, or Helminths.
Gram+ bacteria have thick sheets of peptidoglycan and only possess one plasma membrane. T/F?
True.
What two formatting things do you need to do when writting out a bacteria name.
Capitalize first letter and italicize.
What energy source do cells utilize? (+100 pts for spelling the whole thing out)
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
30S and 50S make 70S
What two subuits make up an 80S ribosome?
40S and 60S.
An outer membrane is present in Gram- or Gram+ bacteria?
Gram-
Bacteria with a flagella are capable of taxis (moving towards or away from a stimulus) via runs and tumbles. The flagella are unique per bacteria. What antigen is indicative of this?
H antigen.
What is it called when large molecules are broken down into smaller ones, thus releasing energy?
Catabolism.
What 3 structures are found in all bacteria?
Nucleoid/chromosome, ribosomes, plasma membrane
In contrast to bacteria which have circular chromosomes, what shape are eukaryotic chromosomes?
Peptidoglycan is made up of what two building blocks? Spell out the FULL NAME.
N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.
Osmotic lysis occurs in hypertonic environments, causing the cell to detach from its cell wall and shrink on itself. T/F?
False.
What is it called when no oxygen is necessary in the cellular metabolism process?
Anaerobic (respiration).
What is the most common form DNA takes in plasmids?
Circular double-stranded DNA
What type of ribosome do mitochondria and chloroplasts possess? 70S or 80S?
70S.
O antigens are unique to Gram+ or Gram- bacteria?
Gram-.
When facing unfavorable environmental conditions, some bacteria possess the ability to enter a vegetative state. What is this process called?
The purpose of the fermentation (e.g. Ethanol pathway, lactate pathway) of glucose is to regenerate what?
NAD+
What cellular structure is a magnetosome an example of?
Peroxisomes are an organelle that oxidize various organic substances to protect the cell. What enzyme does it use to break down the harmful hydrogen peroxide?
Catalase.
What is the name of the space between the two membranes in Gram- bacteria?
Periplasm.
What bacteria is known for having a thick capsule? (must memorize and be able to write out full name!)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
Matrix of mitochonrion