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Vocabulary
Foundations of Gov't reading packet
Roots of Gov't:
Historical figures
Section 3.4
Section 3.5
100
The principle that government is based on clear and fairly enforced laws and that no one is above the law
What is rule of law?
100
The purpose of government, according to this foundational document, is to protect the natural rights of citizens.
What is the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
100
Ancient Roman senator. Believed elected officials should serve for life. Believed in civic virtue--people have the duty to participate in government. Believed the senate should be the main governing body. Gave us representative government.
Who is Cicero?
100
Our first form of government as the newly independent United States.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
100
This is how the Federalists gathered support for the new Constitution.
What is helped by publishing a series of essays explaining the strengths of the Constitution?
200
A political system in which the powers exercised by the government are restricted, usually by a written constitution
What is limited government? (Note: your hints for this are political system and restricted)
200
The signers of the Declaration of Independence asserted that they were justified in breaking away from England because of this.
What is the result of the abuses of power by the British monarchy?
200
Believed civic and political rights should not be violated. Supported free elections and freedom of speech in parliament. Gave us the English Bill of Rights.
Who is John Somers?
200
Smaller states rejected this plan because it gave large states more representatives, and therefore more influence, to larger states.
What is the reason the Virginia Plan was rejected?
200
This group resisted the new Constitution for these reasons: They feared the national government would be too powerful. They believed the states, not the national government, could better represent the people. They objected that the Constitution did not include a bill of rights.
What are the reasons the Anti-Federalists opposed the new Constitution?
300
The rights and liberties that can be claimed by individuals by virtue of being human; also called natural rights or human rights
What are individual rights?
300
This foundational document did not sufficiently protect the individual rights of citizens.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
300
Believed in limited monarch power. Believed certain nautral rights belong to people. Believed people give the power to the government to make and enforce laws. Believed the government should be over-thrown is natural rights are not respected. Gave us life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Who is John Locke?
300
This compromise decided that each slave counted as three-fifths of a free person for purposes of representation and taxation.
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
300
The Bill of Rights was ratified when...
What document became final in 1791, after Virginia ratified?
400
The idea that the powers of a government should be split between two or more strongly independent branches to prevent any one person or group from gaining too much power
What is separation of powers?
400
The Founders increased the power of the national government in the Constitution as compared to the Articles of Confederation. They did this because their experience under the Articles convinced most of them that:
What are the reasons for creating a stronger central government which was necessary to protect commerce and provide for common defense?
400
Believed in absolute monarchy, that people are not to be trusted. Believed the government should protect itself from it's own evil. Believed people should never vote. Believed representatives would prevent the king from being cruel/unfair. Famous line: Without government, "the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
400
This is the assurance did Massachusetts need before it would ratify the Constitution
What is the reason the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution?
400
The reasons for creating three branches of government.
What are the reasons for separation of powers: To ensure that one branch could not become too powerful and to protect the rights of individuals and states?
500
The principle that the people are the ultimate source of the authority and legitimacy of a government
What is popular sovereignty?
500
This explains what "consent of the governed" means in the U.S. Constitution.
What is the term found in the Constitution that describes how the people give power to the government through their representatives?
500
Believed society should be ruled by a population of a state, and that without there can be no legitimate government. Believed in direct democracy. Wrote the Social Contract Theory. (only monarchy ensures a stable society, people can be both ruled and freed if they rule themselves, social contract--people have a say in what is being governed.) We took the idea of popular sovereignty from him.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
500
This person proposed the Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention.
Who is Roger Sherman?
500
These reasons explain this taking so long: Many lawmakers disagreed with Madison's proposals, and debate continued for months. Some legislators wanted to wait until flaws in the government emerged more clearly.
What are the reasons why the Bill of Rights took so long to pass?