defense mechanisms
ignoring aspects of reality that induce anxiety or contribute to a loss of self-esteem
denial
what is cortisol and what does it do?
a corticosteroid known as the stress hormone
it decreases our immune response and increases our blood sugar
stress appraisal
explain the first and second stages of stress appraisal
in the primary stage we measure what level of stress it is
in the second stage we evaluate our options and a make a plan
a person has a thought or feeling, and instead of acknowledging it, they perceive others as having that thought or feeling
projection
redirecting negative emotions perceived as unacceptable
displacement
what hormone is released during fight or flight?
epinephrine (adrenaline)
this reestablishes homeostasis by assisting the body in maintaining stability
allostasis
explain general adaption syndrome (gas) and it's stages
it is our physical response to stress
it consists of 3 stages:
1. alarm reaction
2. resistance
3. exhaustion
overthinking a challenging situation to avoid dealing with it emotionally
intellectualization
focusing on strengths rather than perceived weaknesses
compensation
what is the sympathetic nervous system and what does it do?
it's the fight or flight system
- vitals go up
- pupils get big (dilate)
- digestion slows down
bad, intense stress
distress
explain sense of coherence and what it means to have low sense of coherence
characteristics that determine someone's comprehension, manageability, and meaningfulness
comprehension=the event makes sense and i understand/can predict it
manageable=the event is manageable (i can handle it)
meaningful=determining whether you should engage with something
people with low sense of coherence get overwhelmed easy and are unable to cope during stressful situations
explaining personal actions in a way that enhances one's own self-image
rationalization
channeling unacceptable emotions/impulses into acceptable actions
sublimation
what is the parasympathetic nervous system and what does it do?
it's the rest and digest system
- vitals go down
- pupils get small (constrict)
- digestion speeds up
good, motivational stress
eustress
explain the 4 types of anxiety and which ones are normal/abnormal
mild: normal, can be motivational
moderate: normal, can be challenging, dulls our perception
severe: abnormal, inhibits our ability to make decisions and solve problems
panic: abnormal, the highest level of anxiety, some sx are immobilization, terror, inability to speak, diaphoresis, chest pain, sob, and palpitations
when stressed out u revert to behavior immature for your age
regression
responding to negative thoughts or feelings by demonstrating opposite emotions and actions
reaction formation
the autonomic system controls which muscles?
the smooth/involuntary muscles
stress on specific bodily tissues that can cause inflammation and hypoxia
local adaptation syndrome (las)
explain what happens to our vitals and bodily functions when stress occurs
everything increases/gets bigger except our g.i. tract (it slows down)
blocking unacceptable thoughts and feelings from consciousness
repression