Moody Times
Define the indicative mood.
Representing something as reality, asserted, or considered reality.
Ex: He went to the store. Will he go to the store?
Will ειμι ever take an accusative noun?
No! It only takes nominatives.
Does every verb in Greek exist in the active voice?
No, some are middle-only verbs (I was taught to call these "deponent verbs").
Put "I watch" in the future tense. Give and explain its aspect as well.
I will watch. What aspect is it? Nobody agrees.
Define the imperative mood.
Representation of commands (or requests).
Ex: Go to the store!
What is a moveable nu?
Sometimes, the nu at the end of εστιν and εισιν will be missing. This is purely to make it sound better according to the Ancient Greek ear.
Translate the following into the middle and passive voices:
She drew the picture.
Middle: She drew the picture for herself.
Passive: The picture was drawn by her.
Put "I watch" in the imperfect tense. Give and explain its aspect as well.
I was watching. Imperfective aspect - action that is incomplete or in process.
του δοὐλου
of the slave
Define the subjunctive mood.
the representation of possibilities, slightly more probable than wishes.
Ex: He might go to the store.
What is a predicate nominative?
A noun in the nominative form that asserts something about the other nominative (subject) in the sentence.
Ex: Audrey is a sister. In Greek, both Audrey's name and sister would be in the nominative case.
What is the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs?
Transitive verbs are action verbs that take a direct object, while intransitive verbs do not.
Active voice usually has direct objects, while passive voice cannot take direct objects.
Put "I watch" in the perfect tense. Give and explain its aspect as well.
I have watched. Stative aspect - shows a state of affairs resulting from a previous action or state.
What is the best way to translate the phrase "to the souls"?
ταῖς ψῡχαῖς
Define the optative mood.
the representation of wishing
Ex: I wish he would go to the store!
What category of verb would we say εἰμί is in English?
A linking verb. Our textbook calls them "equative or copulative verbs". All means the same thing basically.
Name the three voices of Greek verbs.
Active, Middle, and Passive.
Put "I watch" in the aorist tense. Give and explain its aspect as well.
"I watched." Perfective aspect - the whole/completed action.
υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν
He is a son of man.
Name the 5 dimensions each verb has.
- person and number
- voice
- mood
-tense
-aspect
Conjugate εἰμί
Person Singular. Plural
1st εἰμί (I am) ἐσμέν (we are)
2nd εἶ (you are) ἐστέ (y'all are)
3rd. ἐστί(ν) (he/she/it is) εἰσί(ν) (they are)
What are the uses of the voice category that we do not have in English?
The middle voice can be used to represent reciprocity (I answer, reply), movement (I go, travel), self-involvement (I consider; I desire), and passivity (I die).
Put "I watch" in the pluperfect tense. Give and explain its aspect as well.
"I had watched." Stative aspect - shows a state of affairs resulting from a previous action or state.
ὁ θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν
God is love.
(ἀγάπη here functions as a predicate nominative.)