Vocab ch 5
The average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object
temperature
Form of thermal energy transfer that requires the collision of particles
when temperature rises and the particles begin to gain kinetic energy, the particles spread out and become less_____ causing them to rise
dense
a device that changes the force or increases motion from work
machine
a quantity that expresses how much a machine multiplies force or distance
mechanical advantage
the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in an object
thermal energy
Thermal energy transfer that does not require matter to travel through
radiation
in which state of matter would radiation occur most efficiently?
gases
the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in a system
mechanical energy
when calculating a formula using gravity, what number will you ALWAYS use for gravity in the equation?
9.8
amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that material by 1 Celsius degree
Specific Heat
Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movements of warmer and cooler fluid
convection
in which two states of matter can convection occur?
liquids and gases
when you combine 2 or more simple machines you get a
compound machine
What is the equation for work?
Force X Distance
the term used to describe the lowest temperature possible where particles completely stop moving
absolute zero
Energy transferred between objects due to a temperature difference is known as what? (goes from warmer to cooler)
Heat
the planet in our solar system with the hottest surface temperature
venus
to solve for this type of energy, you would use the formula 1/2 mass X velocity2
kinetic energy
KE and PE are measured using these units
an material that is good at transferring thermal energy would be known as a thermal ________
conductor
A lava lamp is an example of a convection _______
current
Temperature scale used most commonly in the world of science
Kelvin
to solve for this type of energy, you would use the formula mass X gravity X height (or weight X height)
gravitational potential energy
List the 6 types of simple machines
Lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw