A
Helps one focus in on those important bits of information in a task that are crucial for learning or functioning.
Attention
Theory that looks at the effects of different external stimuli to inform why individuals behave as they do.
Behavioral Theory
A rehearsal strategy that we use to keep information in short term memory or to transfer information into long term memory.
Chunking
A theory of learning that stresses the social nature of learning and comprehending, instead of the behavioral and cognitive aspects of learning.
Constructivism
A student that is more knowledgeable than his or her partner in an instructional activity.
Expert
Organizing students into heterogeneous groups of 4 or 5 in which students are responsible for achieving group and individual goals.
Cooperative Learning
The teacher identifies the inappropriate behavior and an incompatible behavior as a replacement behavior.
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible (DRI)
Increases behavior when presented immediately following the response.
Positive Reinforcer
Knowledge of tasks and strategies and the flexible use of a strategy.
Metacognition
Bandruras early work that examined how young children would a change their behavior after observing a model.
Observational Learning
Refers to the translation of stored images and verbal descriptions into actions.
Production
A packet of knowledge about a particular concept that is stored in long term memory.
Schema
A crucial aspect for remembering information from observations, an essential component for observational learning.
Retention
A process used to keep information in memory for a short period of time.
Maintenance Rehearsal
A component essential to observational learning that occurs through reinforcement.
Motivation
One’s beliefs about what one is capable of doing.
Self Efficacy
A framework that is used to describe an event or set of events.
Theory
Breaking down a large task into smaller subtasks or steps.
Task Analysis
Occurs when students learn new knowledge and their prior knowledge is then transformed into new knowledge.
Transformation of Knowledge
A procedure that attempts to decrease the probability or the occurrence of a behavior temporarily by withholding reinforcement for all behaviors.
Time Outs