key terms
20 minerals that make up most of the rocks on Earth's crust
rock-forming minerals
Look and feel of a rock's surface
texture
Formed from cooling of lava or magma
igneous rocks
Usually formed when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
sedimentary rocks
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Formed when an existing rock is changed by heat and pressure or chemical reactions.
metamorphic rocks
Formed from lava on Earth's surface.
extrusive rock
Formed from magma beneath the surface
intrusive rock
Small, solid pieces of material that comes from rocks or living things
sediment
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Running water, wind, or ice loosen and carry away fragments of rock
erosion
Process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it
deposition
Process that presses sediments together
compaction
Process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together
cementation
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Formed when rock fragments are squeezed together
clastic rocks
Formed when rock fragments are squeezed together.clastic rocksForms when remains of dead plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
organic rocks
Formed when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize
chemical rocks
Skeletons of coral animals that grow together to form a structure
coral reefs
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Minerals in rocks are changed by heat, not pressure
contact metamorphism
Grains are in parallel layers or bands
foliated rocks
Grains are arranged randomly
nonfoliated rocks
Series of processes on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rock from one kind to another
rock cycle
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