Distance
What are the Halls Zones of Space?
The four main ranges based on sensory communication.
(Intimate, Personal, Social, Public)
Your grandfather comes up to you and gives you a hug on your birthday. What factors influence his space?
1. Age
2. Relationship
3. Subject Matter
What is the definition of physical proxemics?
Where we communicate, and we interact within a space.
What is privacy?
Privacy paces and regulates interaction with others
What are the three types of territories in proxemics that define how individuals claim and control space?
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Public territories
What is the distance for public communication?
Over 12 feet away
(for public speaking)
At a formal business meeting, a manager and an employee sit across from each other at a conference table. Later that evening, the same two people run into each other at a casual party and stand much closer while chatting. What factors influence their space?
1. Status
2. Setting
3. Relationship
What is the definition of psychological proxemics?
Effect of space on attitude, mood, and emotionality.
What are the two different types of privacy?
1. Desired Privacy
2. Achieved Privacy
What type of territory in proxemics is exclusively owned and permanently controlled, such as a person's home or personal office?
Primary Territory
What is the distance for social communication?
4-12 feet away
(Interactions with acquaintances)
If you go to Europe, someone may greet you with a hug and kisses on the cheek whereas in the U.S. someone will greet you with a handshake. What factor influences the space in this scenario?
Cultural Background
What is the definition of violation proxemics?
Most general: use of or intrusion into primary territory
What is the privacy that is actively created or accomplished through nonverbal cues, such as moving to a quieter location or using physical barriers like a closed door?
Achieved Privacy
Which type of territory in proxemics is open to everyone and has little to no personal ownership, such as a park or a public sidewalk?
Public Territory
What is the distance for personal communication?
18 in - 4 feet away
(Interactions with friends and family)
A CEO might feel comfortable standing close to a subordinate, but the subordinate may not feel as comfortable and try to maintain a further distance. What factor influences the space in the scenario?
Status
What is the definition of invasion proxemics?
Typically permanent: intention to take over
What is the concept that describes the ongoing negotiation between an individual’s need for privacy and the desire for connection or interaction with others?
Dialectic Process
Which type of territory in proxemics is not exclusively owned but is used regularly by an individual or group, such as a favorite seat in a classroom?
Secondary Territory
What is the distance for intimate communication?
0 - 18 inches away
(embracing, touching, whispering)
Name all of the factors that influence space.
Cultural Background
Gender and Sexuality
Age
Status
Physical Characteristics
Relationship
Subject Matter
Setting
What is the definition of contamination proxemics?
Tarnished with notice or impurity
What is the type of privacy refers to the level of seclusion or space an individual wants to maintain from others, often expressed through body language and environmental markers?
Desired Privacy
What are common ways individuals defend their territorial space in proxemics, particularly in secondary and public territories?
1. Markers, such as personal items
2. Verbal or nonverbal ques, such as staring or body positioning