Health Promotion
Infants:
Infants can't have water until __ **
1
Considerations for Infants
-Encourage parents to be a part of the care(trust vs mistrust)
-Set schedule
-Preparation and teaching to family
-Consoling PRN
Sign of need in infancy?
Crying
Rattles
Mirrors
Musical Mobiles
Ages 0-4mo
Rattles- Builds grip and tactile stimulation
Mirrors- improve focus on faces
Musical Mobiles- stimulate hearing and help infant make sounds
Peek a boo
Busy box
Infants 6-9mo
Peek a boo- enhance object permanence
Busy box- manipulate objects and create cause/effect
Formula for how many teeth a child should have
Age in months minus 6
What should you consider for toddlers (1-3)?
-Simple and Brief explanations b4 procedure (Moana doll)
-Parents- separation can be a threat to their health
-Security objects (blanket or toy)
-Regression (bedwetting when they're already potty trained)
-Bodies- be more aware that toddlers are learning abt their bodies
-Autonomy- "popsicle before after"; give them a choice
Infancy:Hygiene
prevent cradle cap
Stackable cubes
Puzzles with easy-grasp knobs
Cause and effect toys
Infants 12-15mo
Stackable cubes- increase fine motor skills
Puzzles- fine motor, hand-eye, language and one-step commands when you tell them which piece
Cause and effect- enhance object permanence and challenge
Tripod gyms with dangling toys
0-4mo
enhances reach and grasp; head midline; bringing hands together in midline
School- Age Child
What is the leading cause of death for this age group ?****
Unintentional injury; ex: drowning
Considerations for Preschoolers (3-5)?
-Egocentricity- understand this
-Painful procedures- tell them these are not punishments
-Questions- answer these at their level
-Simple words
-Medical play- encourage this
-Fear of mutilation- believe a shot can make them bleed out (give band-aid)
How to prevent failure to thrive in infants?
ensure proper feeding and formula mixing
Textured and/or chilled teethers
4-6 mo
cope with teething
Sensory balls (textured)
Toys where baby can put into containers
Pat-a cake, peek-a-boo, or toys/books with hide and seek effect
Infants 9-12mo
Balls- gross and tactile skills, as well as grasping, coordination and crawling; relaxation
Items in containers- gross and fine motor
pat a cake- Enhance object permanence
Dental- baby teeth are lost here
Nutrition- increased appetite r/t increased energy
Sleep- set bedtime, limit TV b4 bed
Safety- leading cause of death is___?
Stress- stress becomes prominent; bullying
Considerations for School Age children (6-12)?
-Parents- need their support but wont admit it
-School and peers- help them maintain communication with friends
-Explanations of all procedures
-Privacy and Modesty
-Participate in care- helps them have a sense of involvement
Nurse's role in promoting optimal Growth & Development
●Developmental Assessment
○Interview of parents
○Assess child’s ability to think through situations
○Assess child’s verbal ability
○Carefully observe the child
Books
Tricycle or pedal toy
Cutting food/kitchen setsPuzzles
Arts & Crafts
Toddlers/ Preschool (24mo- 3 years)
Books with baby faces, animals, high-contrast
colorful floor play mats
Books- speech and language development, social and cognitive development
Play mats- enhances tummy play, developing strength in arms/legs
Safe infant sleep checklist includes:
- babies on backs
-firm mattress
- remove toys, pillows, blankets, bumper pads
-wearable blanket, onesie
-share room, not bed
-follow manufacturer's instructions and submit the product registration card (recalls)
Considerations for Adolescents
-School and peers
-Body image
-Teaching should include time w/o parents
-Maintain identity- their own clothes
-Teen room/night
What are some Healthy People 2023 Goals for Toddlers and Preschoolers?
● Positive parenting
● Effective vaccination coverage levels for recommended vaccines
●Decrease rate of poisoning deaths
●Increase age-appropriate vehicle restraint system use
●Decrease rate of fall-related deaths
●Reduce drowning deaths
●Prevent inappropriate weight gain in children ages 2-5 years
●Reduce the proportion of children ages 3-11 years exposed to secondhand smoke
soft squeeze toys of different size and shape
peek a boo
4-6mo
build grasping and manipulation
object perm.
Baby blocks
Toys that roll and make sounds when touched
Infants 6-9mo
Blocks- fine motor
Toys that roll- encourage creeping/crawling movement and enhance gross motor