BASICS OF CHEMISTRY
This term defines any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).
What is matter?
A stable, uniform physical mixture of two or more substances, such as salt water.
What is a solution?
The abbreviation pH stands for this measurement.
What is potential hydrogen?
This type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of heat or energy from an external source to occur.
What is an endothermic reaction?
Every cosmetic ingredient has a purpose and is divided into functional ingredients and these types of ingredients.
What are performance ingredients?
The simplest form of chemical matter, with 118 known to science today.
What is an element?
An unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles floating in a liquid, such as oil and vinegar salad dressing.
What is a suspension?
The numerical range of the pH scale, with 7 being neutral.
What is 0 to 14?
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.
What is oxidation?
As both a functional and performance ingredient, this substance helps keep other ingredients in solution and acts as a vehicle.
What is water?
As the basic unit of matter, this cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
What is an atom?
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances that requires a special emulsifier to stay blended.
What is an emulsion?
These ions are alkaline and indicate more alkalinity when present in higher quantities in a substance.
What are hydroxide ions?
The exact total number of mandatory information categories found on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
What is 16?
You can easily recognize cosmetic esters on ingredient labels because their names almost always end with this suffix.
What is -ate?
A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite proportions.
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What is a molecule
): This term describes the tail of a surfactant molecule, meaning "oil-loving".
What is lipophilic?
This type of chemical reaction occurs when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions, forming water and a salt.
What is an acid-alkali neutralization reaction?
On a Safety Data Sheet, this category lists emergency procedures, protective equipment, and proper containment/cleanup methods.
What are accidental release measures?
These types of moisturizing ingredients attract water to the skin's surface.
What are humectants
These organic compounds contain carbon and evaporate
What are volatile organic compounds (VOCs)?
The term for liquids that are mutually soluble and can be mixed together to form clear solutions.
What are miscible substances?
Oils, waxes, and nail polish have no pH because they lack this component.
What is water?
In chemical reactions, a reducing agent performs this action on a compound, such as adding hydrogen.
What is adding hydrogen to a chemical compound?
Glycolic, lactic, and citric acids belong to this group of acids used to exfoliate the skin, smooth its surface, and aid in cell turnover.
What are Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)?