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Theory and Research on Comprehension of Text
Formal Strategies for Teaching Comprehension
Reading Experiences That Enhance Comprehension
Strategies for Actively Working with Texts
Fluency as a Path to Comprehension
100
An active process in which the reader or listener interprets and constructs meaning about what he or she reads or listens to, based on prior knowledge about a topic.
What is comprehension?
100
Texts that contain clearly delineated settings, themes, episodes, and resolutions.
What are narrative texts, or literature?
100
Becoming familiar with an experience.
What is repetition?
100
Having interactive discussions, building graphic organizers, and summarizing the text.
What is What are some ways to activity work with texts to enhance comprehension?
100
A combination of accuracy, automaticity, and prosody when reading.
What is What is fluency?
200
A theory that suggests we have schematic (background knowledge) for certain information, based on prior experience with a given topic.
What is the schema theory?
200
Texts that present nonfiction content-area information to children in the following structures: description, sequence, compare and contrast, cause and effect, problem solution, and exemplification.
What are expository texts, or informational texts?
200
These include: literature circles, reciprocal teaching, buddy reading, and partner reading.
What are some common types of response groups?
200
Relating responses to real-life experience and answering students’ questions.
What are two examples of how teachers help students share books and respond to text?
200
The choral reading of a short play.
What is Readers Theatre?
300
One’s own awareness of how his or her learning is taking place (self-monitoring).
What is metacognition?
300
The teacher provides an opportunity for the students to practice using the strategy that was taught.
What is guided practice?
300
Read aloud, shared book experiences, and small-group and one-on-one reading.
What constitutes collective reading experiences?
300
A type of question that draws information from their background knowledge, interprets the text, and applies information.
What are inferential and critical questions?
300
When the teacher or a more able reader reads one line of text, and the child then reads the same line.
What is echo reading?
400
This is enhanced by children’s social interactions with others during reading and writing experiences.
What is comprehension development?
400
The teacher provides time for the students to practice the strategy without guidance so they can carry it out without assistance.
What is independent application?
400
Students participate with one another, independently of the teacher. (Can also be think, pair, share & visualization)
What constitutes collaborative reading experiences?
400
A type of question that requires children to synthesize ideas, sensations, feelings, and images.
What are aesthetic questions?
400
For students to become independent, strategic, and fluent readers.
What is the ultimate goal of reading?
500
When a child benefit’s from early experiences with books that are mediated by an interactive adult.
What are problem-solving situations?
500
These strategies have been found to be the most effective when using the following steps: explanation, modeling, guided practice, independent application, and reflection.
What is guided teaching of comprehension strategies?
500
This involves selecting short text passages for careful analysis, and helping students understand what critical reading is.
What is close reading?
500
To remember and analyze details and descriptions, sequences, and cause and effect.
What is efferent stance?
500
A choral reading in which parts are taken by groups (reading for two voices).
What is antiphonal reading?