ions
what are cations and anions
cations - lose electrons and become positive
anions - gain electrons and become negative
what is an ionic bond
form from a transfer of electrons
what are metal bonds
the forces of attraction between the free floating valence electrons and the positively charged metal ions
whats an alloy
mixture of a metal element and another metal/nonmetal element
what is the periodic law
when elements are arranged by atomic number there's a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
how can the number of valence electrons of an element be determined from its position in the periodic table
the atoms group on a periodic table determines the amount of valence electrons (group 1 has 1 group 2 has 2)
whats a formula unit
the chemical formula for an ionic compound
describe body centered cubic structure
every atom has 8 neighbors
explain why sterling silver has properties more useful than its component elements
harder and more durable than pure silver but still soft enough to make things
what is the law of conservation of mass/matter
in any chemical reaction, mass/matter are not created nor destroyed
describe an electron dot diagram
- chemical symbol in the middle
- dots are added clockwise
all cardinal points are filled before dots are paired
- max of 8 dots
properties of ionic bonds
- solid at room temp
-high melting point
- conduct electricity when melted
- form crystals
describe face centered cubic formation
every atom has 12 neighbors
explain why bronze has properties more useful than its component elements
harder than copper and easier to cast into molds
which atomic particles occupy the most volume in an atom
electrons
2 elements that dont follow the octet rule
hydrogen and lythium
what type of bond holds NaCl together? describe how the bonding occurs to form this compound
ionic bond. because it stays together because the sodium gives its valence electrons to the chlorine
hexigonal close packed arrangment
has 12 neighbors but has a hexigonal shape
what are substitutional alloys
A metallic substance assembled in a lattice of one metal with a secondary and/or tertiary metal of a similar radius exchanged within the original lattice.
whats an atomic orbital
a mathematical expression that describes the probability of finding an electron at carious locations around the nucleus
what are halogens
form from halide ions, charge of -1, only need 1 more electron
what do coefficients and subscripts say about chemical formulas
coefficients say how many of the certain element are being added to form the ionic compound. Subscripts say how many of that element are in the ionic compound
properties of metals
- good cnductor of electricity
ductile
malleable
crystalline structure
what is a interstitial alloy
A metallic substance with small atoms filling the spaces between the larger metal lattice.
list 5 physical properties of matter
- color
- luster
- malleability
- conductivity
- hardness