Early Middle Ages
I was given protection and a small portion of the lord’s fief in exchange for service and loyalty. I am the lord’s ________.
A man who devoted his or her life to God and renounced his former life to live in a monastery.
A monk
How did trade change during the commercial revolution?
Used MONEY and/or
Wanted luxury goods from the east.
Jerusalem.
This epidemic swept through Europe, killing anywhere from 30%-60% of it's population in some areas.
The Black Death/ Bubonic Plague /Black Plague
The behavior of knights was governed by a code of honor called _________.
Chivalry
This is a religious ceremony that can only be carried out by men of the church, and was absolutely essential to getting into heaven.
The sacraments
Now that everyone could not only feed themselves, but also sell the surplus for money, people were wealthier than before. This led to the rise in what social group?
The Middle Class.
Who called all Christians on a quest to take back the holy lands?
Pope Urban II
By the end of the late/high Middle Ages who had more power? Kings or Nobles?
Kings.
This person was bound to the manor, even if the manor was purchased by someone new?
Serf
This was a single person’s punishment of being barred from the sacraments or kicked out of the church.
excommunication
This was an association of craftsmen or merchants that regulated the products sold, the price of the product and the hours worked by those in the group.
Guild
What did Pope Urban promise for anyone who died in the Crusades?
Eternal salvation (ticket to heaven)
This conflict occurred when the French and English fought over the rights to land in modern day France.
The Hundred Years War
A piece of land given in exchange for loyalty and protection was called.
A fief
This indicated that the pope had power over all earthly rulers (Kings, lords, etc.)
Papal supremacy
What two new inventions from the Agricultural revolution led to increased food production and massive population growth?
The iron plow and the plow horse harness
At the end of the 8 official Crusades, who controlled the city of Jerusalem?
Muslims.
France largely attributes their victory in the Hundred Years War to which individual?
Joan of Arc
A lord’s home and the surrounding buildings- a self-sufficient estate on which a lord lived, surrounded by serfs is called _______.
What are the three vows a monk/nun must take under Benedictine Rule?
- Poverty
- Chastity
- Obedience to his abbot/abbess
What were 3 new business practices that emerged during the commercial revolution?
Partnerships, insurance, and buying goods on credit.
This was the movement to expel the Moors (Muslims) and the Jews from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). It was led by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.
Reconquista
The act of beating oneself to show penance for one's sins.