UE
What is the most frequently injured bone in the shoulder?
clavicle
What is the most common shoulder dislocation?
anterior because of the long lever arm
What type of proximal tibia fracture is more common?
Lateral plateau
What are the two classification systems for a knee dislocation?
kennedy = which structures are damaged
schneck = how many structures are damaged
What is part of your anterior compartment?
anterior tib, extensor digitorum, extensor hallcus
What are the risk factors for an elbow dislocation?
males 10-19
wrestling
What injury gets a dinner fork deformity?
colles fracture
When is the only time you would be able to see an ACL tear on an xray?
with segond sign (avulsion fracture of the tibial plateau)
Who is most likely to get a femoral shaft fracture?
highly active individual like cross country or an individual or lacks proper nutrition
Which malleoli is more commonly fractured?
lateral
What are three risk factors for a humeral fracture?
low bone mineral density
older women
in young athletes, high energy trauma
How do you get an anterior dislocation? what about a posterior dislocation?
anterior = ABDuction and external rotation
posterior = ADDuction and internal rotation
How do you get a posterior hip dislocation? What about an anterior dislocation?
posterior = hip flexion, ADDuction, and internal rotation
anterior = hip flexion, ABDuction and external rotation
What position would your leg be in if you had a femoral fracture?
it would appear shorter and externally rotated
What are the general steps for managing musculoskeletal injuries?
assess and establish ABCs
evaluate D and E
open vs closed fracture: hemorrhagic control
extricate if necessary
monitor and stabilize: shock management
stabilize the fracture
prepare for transport
What are the 3 types of humeral fractures?
humeral shaft fracture: MOI = direct blow or fall on arm
proximal humeral fracture: MOI = direct blow, shoulder dislocation, FOOSH
epiphyseal fracture of the distal humerus: MOI = direct blow or indirect force along the length of humerus
which finger joint is the most commonly dislocated?
PIP
What are 3 red flags for LE fractures?
pallor extremity
temperature differences between extremities
loss of movement and or sensation
excessive bleeding
gross deformity
open fracture
What would fracture in a tibia/fibular fracture with a valgus force? Varus force? Axial force? Combined high force?
Valgus = lateral plateau
Varus = medial plateau
Axial = bicondylar plateau
combined = bicondylar plateau with soft tissue injuries
What is a maisonneuve fracture?
syndesmosis ankle injury on medial side
tear of ATF
avulsion on medial malleolus
proximal fibula fracture
tear in interosseus membrane
What is a colles fracture and what is the MOI?
radius & ulna fracture
- radius is displaced dorsally
MOI = foosh or hyperextension
What are the risk factors for a finger dislocation?
BKB and VB
10-19 year olds
male
Your patient has a leg length discrepency along with a hematoma and swelling in the flank/perennial area. What is your diagnosis? What is your care?
pelvic ring fracture
IMMEDIATE transport to hospital
- high suspicion of internal bleeding
When performing a full neurovascular exam what are you looking for/trying to prevent?
drop foot
volkmans contracture
compartment syndrome
How do you splint a musculoskeletal injury?
check distal pulse
stabilize the injury directly above and below
stabilize the joints above and below
recheck distal pulse