Ch. 7.4 Key Terms
forms & the extremities and is composed of the shoulder. girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.
appendicular skeleton
The long shaft
Diaphysis
allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs
Fontanels
is a cavity in the diaphysis. It is filled with yellow marrow, which is mainly a storage area for fat cells.
medullary canal
The outside of bone is covered with a tough membrane and contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and osteoblasts, special cells that form new bone tissue.
Periosteum
forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs and breastbone
axial skeleton
a membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact
Endosteum
are openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
Foramina
palm of the hand
Metacarpals
2 on the great toe and 3 on each of the other 4 toes
Phalanges
wrist
Carpals
the two extremities, or ends
Epiphysis
upper arm
Humerus
instep of foot
Metatarsals
lower arm on thumb side that rotates around the ulna to allow the hand to turn freely
Radius
collarbones
Clavicles
the smooth rounded head of the femur upper leg bone; femur thigh; upper thigh bone
Femur
are areas where two or more bones join together.
Joints
coxal, or hip, bones and is joined together at a joint
os coxae
is found in certain bones, such as the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium, and in the proximal ends of the humerus and femur
red marrow
is the spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain. It is made of eight bones
Cranium
the slender smaller bone of the lower leg that attaches to the proximal end of the tibia
Fibula
Connective tissue bands, called ligaments, help hold long bones together at joints
Ligaments
kneecap
Patella
protects the heart and lungs
Ribs