Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms
Forms the extremities; includes the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.
Appendicular skeleton
The long shaft of a long bone.
Diaphysis
Spaces, or "soft spots," that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs.
Fontanels
A cavity in the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones.
Medullary canal
The tough membrane that covers the outside of bone.
Periosteum
Forms the main trunk of the body; consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and sternum.
Axial skeleton
The membrane that lines the medullary canal.
Endosteum
Openings in bones that allow for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
Foramina
The five bones of the hand (palm).
Metacarpals
The bones that make up the fingers and toes.
The eight bones of the wrist.
Carpals
The ends or extremities of a long bone.
Epiphysis
The upper arm bone.
Humerus
The five bones of the foot.
Metatarsals
The forearm bone on the thumb side.
Radius
The collarbones.
Clavicles
The thigh bone.
Areas where two or more bones join together; also called articulations.
Joints
The hip bone; two bones that join with the sacrum to form the pelvic girdle.
Ox Coxae
Used to manufacture red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells.
Red marrow
The part of the skull that surrounds and protects the brain.
Cranium
The slender, smaller bone of the lower leg.
Connective tissue bands that hold bones together at the joints.
Ligaments
The kneecap
Patella
The 12 pairs of bones that protect the heart and lungs.
Ribs