Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms

Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms

100

appendicular skeleton

Forms the extremities (limbs) and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.

200

diaphysis

diaphysis: The long shaft of a long bone.

300

fontanels

fontanels: Spaces, or "soft spots," in the cranium at birth that are made of membrane and cartilage, allowing for skull enlargement. They turn into solid bone by approximately 18 months of age.

400

medullary canal

medullary canal: A cavity in the diaphysis (long shaft) of a long bone. It is filled with yellow marrow.

500

periosteum

periosteum: The tough membrane that covers the outside of a bone, necessary for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.

Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms

100

axial skeleton

 Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone.

200

endosteum

endosteum: A membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact. It also produces some bone growth.

300

foramina

foramina: Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.

400

metacarpals

metacarpals: The 5 bones that form the palm of the hand.

500

phalanges

phalanges: The bones of the fingers and toes.

Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms

100

carpals

 The 8 bones of the wrist.

200

epiphysis

1. epiphysis: The two extremities (ends) of a long bone.

300

humerus

humerus: The upper arm bone.

400

metatarsals

1. metatarsals: The 5 bones that form the instep of the foot.

500

radius

radius: The lower arm bone on the thumb side that rotates around the ulna.

Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms

100

clavicles

 The two collarbones (part of the shoulder girdle).

200

femur

femur: The thigh bone (upper leg bone).

300

joints

joints: Areas where two or more bones join together.

400

os coxae

os coxae: The two coxal, or hip, bones (part of the pelvic girdle).

500

ribs

ribs: There are 12 pairs that attach to the thoracic vertebrae. The first 7 pairs are true ribs.

Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms

100

cranium

The spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain.

200

fibula

fibula: The slender, smaller bone of the lower leg.

300

ligaments

ligaments: Connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints.

400

patella

patella: The kneecap.

500

scapulas

scapulas: The two shoulder bones (part of the shoulder girdle).