Ch. 7.8 Circulatory System Key Terms
What is the aortic valve?
The valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It closes when the left ventricle finishes contracting, allowing blood to flow into the aorta and preventing it from flowing back into the left ventricle.
What is the circulatory system?
Also known as the cardiovascular system, this is the "transportation" system of the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
What is the left atrium?
The upper-left chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
What is the plasma?
The fluid part of blood, which is about 90% water and contains many dissolved substances like proteins, nutrients, and gases.
What is the systole?
The period of ventricular contraction during the cardiac (heartbeat) cycle.
What is the arrhythmias?
Abnormal heart rhythms that can range from mild to life-threatening. They occur when something interferes with the heart's normal electrical conduction pattern.
What is diastole?
The brief period of rest during the cardiac (heartbeat) cycle.
What is the left ventricle?
The lower-left chamber of the heart that receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta for transport to the rest of the body.
What is the pulmonary valve?
The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It closes after the right ventricle contracts, preventing blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.
What is the thrombocytes?
Also called platelets. These are cell fragments that are essential for the blood clotting process to stop bleeding.
What is the arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They are more muscular and elastic than other vessels.
What is the endocardium?
The smooth layer of cells lining the inside of the heart, which is continuous with the inside of blood vessels.
What is the leukocytes?
White blood cells. Their main function is to fight infection.
What is the right atrium?
The upper-right chamber of the heart that receives blood as it returns from the body cells.
What ist he tricuspid value?
The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It closes when the right ventricle contracts, preventing blood from flowing back into the right atrium.
What is blood?
Considered a tissue, it circulates continuously to transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, heat, and hormones. It is composed of plasma and blood cells.
What is the erythrocytes?
Red blood cells. They are produced in the red bone marrow and contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What is the myocardium?
The muscular middle layer of the heart; it is the thickest layer.
What is the right ventricle?
The lower-right chamber of the heart that receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery to be sent to the lungs for oxygen.
what is the veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They are thinner than arteries and most contain valves to prevent the backward flow of blood.
What is the capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels that connect arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins). Their thin walls allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and body cells.
What is the hemoglobin?
A complex protein found in red blood cells that carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What is the pericardium?
The double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart.
What is the septum?
The muscular wall that separates the heart into a right side and a left side, preventing blood from moving between them.