Hidden Secrets
Metacentric
centromere located in the middle
Euploidy
cell has "normal" or a complete set of chromosomes
RT-PCR
primers, thermocycler, dNTPs, heat stable polymerase, template DNA
Autopolyploidy
More than two sets of chromosomes derived from the same species
Reciprocal Translocation
Segments of two non-homologous Chromosomes are exchanged
Telocentric
centromere location at the end
Aneuploidy
One set has an odd number of chromosomes
Western Blot
Probe (antibody to protein), Gel, Blot
Allopolyploidy
Multiple sets of chromosomes derived from different species
Nonreciprocal Translocation
A segment of one chromosome is transferred to another non homologous chromosome without a reciprocal exchanged
Acrocentric
centromere location is close to the end
Trisomy
Three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two
Southern Blot
Probe (gene restriction digested DNA), Gel, Blot
Normally, when we do a P -> F1 cross, the F1 generation shows the dominant phenotype, but when we do the same type of cross with this particular organism, we see two populations in the F1. One population displaying the recessive phenotype from some genes.
Deletion (Affect)
Pericentric Inversion
Chromosomal inversion where the inverted segment includes the centromere
CNV
Copy number variations: structure variations that cover more than 1kp of DNA sequence
Polyploidy
More than two complete sets of chromosomes
Northern Blot
Probe (gene transcription or mRNA), gel, blot
Normally, when we do this cross, the results show independent assortment, because the genes are unlinked (ie. on different chromosomes). But when we do the same type of cross with this particular phenotype, we get half as many offspring, and we get an unexpected result showing genes to be linked.
Translocation (Affect)
Paracentric Inversion
Results when two breaks in one chromosome arm region after the excised piece has inverted
LOD
the log of probability of offspring if the loci are linked over the probability are not linked
X-inactivation
When a chromosome is highly methylated making it transcriptionally inactive
FISH
Template DNA, probes, hybridization
Normally, when we do this cross, the results show linkage between the genes with distances between them, but when we do the same types of cross with this particular organism, we get an unexpected result showing some of the genes to be very tightly linked or at the same location
Inversion (Affect)
Robertsonian Translocation
Two acrocentric chromosomes fuse at their centric ends, resulting in a singular, larger chromosome and a loss of the short arms