basic concepts
attention
memory
info processing
cognitive processes
100
emphasizes that children manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it
What is information processing
100
Concentrating on more than one activity at a time.
What is divided attention
100
Grouping, or “packing,” information into “higher-order” units that can be remembered as single units.
What is chunking
100
A three-part system that holds information temporarily as a person performs a task. A kind of “mental workbench” that lets individuals manipulate, assemble, and construct information when they make decisions, solve problems, and comprehend written and spoken language
What is working memory
100
Reasoning from the specific to the general.
What is inductive reasoning
200
is the process by which information gets stored in memory. Changes in children’s cognitive skills depend on increased skill at encoding relevant information and ignoring irrelevant information
What is encoding
200
Maintaining attention over an extended period of time; also called vigilance
What is sustained attention
200
Memory that holds information from the world in its original form for only an instant
What is sensory memory
200
The principle that recall is better for items at the beginning and the end of a list than for items in the middle.
What is serial position effect
200
Reasoning from the general to the specific.
What is deductive reasoning
300
Cognition about cognition, or “knowing about knowing.”
What is metacognition
300
Involves action planning,allocating attention to goals, error detection and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances
What is executive attention
300
A limited-capacity memory system in which information is retained at least 30 seconds unless it is rehearsed, in which case it can be retained longer.
What is STM
300
They group objects, events, and characteristics on the basis of common properties
What is concepts
300
Thinking reflectively and productively and evaluating the evidence.
What is critical thinking
400
The focusing of mental resources.
What is attention
400
The retention of information over time, which involves encoding, storage, and retrieval
What is memory
400
The number of digits an individual can report back without error in a single presentation
What is memory span
400
A visual presentation of a concept’s connections and hierarchical organization
What is concept map
400
Means being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life’s everyday activities and tasks. Mindful students maintain an active awareness of the circumstances in their lives.
What is mindfulness
500
Focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant.
What is selective attention
500
The conscious repetition of information over time to increase the length of time it stays in memory.
What is rehearsal
500
how many numbers can a person remember
What is 7 + or - 2
500
Manipulating and transforming information in memory, which often is done to form concepts, reason, think critically, make decisions, think creatively, and solve problems
What is thinking
500
The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them.
What is confirmation bias