Vehicle Stops
Fill in the blank __ and ___ are an important and highly visible part of routine police patrol
Stops and Searches
Do the police need a warrant to search a vehicle?
No
What concept is linked to most warrantless searches?
Consent
A valid stop that is used as a pretext to search the vehicle
Pretextual stop
The first Supreme Court Case that revolved around searches of automobiles. This case involved warrantless searches.
Carroll v. United States (1925)
In order to stop a vehicle the police must have
Reasonable Suspicion
Why is there an automobile exception?
Because evidence within the vehicle can be transported or destroyed easily.
What type of searches require no suspicion or probable cause and does not involve consent?
Border Searches
A form of seizure occurs every time a vehicle is
Stopped
United States v. Jones (2012)
What is the exception to reasonable suspicion that the police must have to stop a vehicle?
1. Police roadblocks
2. Border searches
How can the police justify the search of outer compartments of the vehicle or packages within it?
If the police have probable cause to believe that those areas / packages have evidence in them.
What Supreme Court case discussed contemporaneous searches?
United States v. Johns (1985)
A form of roadblock in which the police stop every vehicle for the purpose of controlling drunk driving
Sobriety Checkpoints
If the police obtain probable cause to search a vehicle, they can search every part of the vehicle and containers within the vehicles.
United States v. Ross (1982)
In United States v. Arvizu, the courts said that the reasonable suspicion standard is based off what other standard?
Totalitary of the Circumstances
In Knowles v. Iowa, what did the court find unconstitutional?
A state law that allowed searches of vehicles when the driver was issued a traffic citation.
What Supreme Court case ruled that the fourth amendment does not require the police to obtain a warrant before seizing a vehicle in a public place if they have probable cause to believe it contains contraband
Florida v. White (1999)
Takes place when the police take control of the vehicle for law enforcement reasons
Vehicle Impoundment
With search incident to arrest, the police may search the passenger compartment of the vehicle and may go through any container that is believed to hold evidence for the crime that the police have probable cause for arrest.
New York v. Bolton (1981)
In Maryland v. Wilson, who was the ruling specified for?
Passengers of the vehicle
In Florida v. Jimeno, what was the topic for the issue presented to the court?
The scope of the search
For a motor home to be subject to the automobile exception, it must meet two sets of criteria
1. Must be capable of driving on a road
2. located in a place not regularly used for residential purposes
The police list the personal effects and properties they find in the vehicle.
Vehicle inventory
Searches of the vehicle in search incident to arrest is allowed if the arrestee is not in the vehicle but there is reason to believe that there is evidence related to the crime
Arizona v. Gant (2009)